HomeMy WebLinkAboutA3736 - CVHC HOUSING COALITION CDBG SUBRECIPIENT LOW INCOME AIDS CHRONIC TERMINAL ILLNESS CVHC
Chuckwalla Self Help Program
AGREEMENT #3736 Amend 1
R20577, 4-2-03
AMENDMENT# 1 TO SUBRECIPIENT AGREEMENT # 3736 WITH COACHELLA VALLEY
HOUSING COALITION (CVHC) FOR CVHC CHUCKWALLA SELF-HELP PROGRAM .
THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE AGREEMENT FOR CONTRACT SERVICES (# 3736
herein Agreement), is made and entered into this 2' day of 6' />,L` 1� 2003, by and
between the City of Palm Springs (herein City), a municipal corpor tion, and Coachella Valley
Housing Coalition (herein Provider), and amends that certain Agreement for contract services
dated November 25, 1996, as amended, between the same parties, as follows:
1. The expiration date is hereby amended to June 30, 2003.
2.. EXHIBIT B, BUDGET SUMMARY, is hereby amended to add the following:
Approved + or- Revision Amended
Planning Studies -
Financial Investigation, proformas, 8,000 +515.50 8,515.50
Financing Applications and
Development Team Coordination
SUB-TOTAL 8,000 +515.50 8,515.50
Construction/Rehabilitation -
Construction/Rehabilitation 17,000 +3,986.22 20,986.22
Evaluation
Legal 2,500 -2,500.00 - 0 -
Environmental Study 5,000 -455.50 4,544.50
Site Control Costs 10,000 -3,309.16 6,690.84
Appraisals 5,000 -5,000.00 - 0 -
Title Expenses 2,500 +6,762.94 9,262.94
SUB-TOTAL 42,000 -515.50 41,484.50
TOTAL $50,000 - 0 - $50,000.00
AND(DR AGREEMEN f
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and entered into this Amendment as of the
date stated below. i
ATTEST: CITY OF PALM SPRINGS,
a municipal corporation
City Clerk City Mam g�
DATED this �° // day 2003.
PROVIDER:
Coachella Valley Housing Coalition
By:
Aam bhn F. Mealey
Ti e. Executive Director
ADDRESS: 45-701 Monroe Street, Suite. G
Indio, CA 92201
i-lr �4;U'iUue'lilr iL
3 °734-
CALIFORNIA ALL-PURPOSE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
State of California
ss.
County of Riverside
,J
i
On August 13, 2003 , before me, Rosa M. Alvarado, Notary Public
Date Name and Title of Officer(e g.,"Jane Doe,Notary Publil
personally appeared John F. Mealey
t Name(s)r of Slgner(s)- J
❑ personally known to me
E proved to me on the basis of satisfactory
evidence
to be the person(s) whose name(s}- War.
subscribed to the within instrument and
acknowledged to me that he/shekbey executed
the same in his/her-{their' authorized
ROSA M. ALVARADO capacity(iesr and that by his/her-/their-
Comm.k 1343775 si nature s on the instrument the erson
e-� O p (�, or
e NOTARY (our
CALIFORNIANIA the entity upon behalf of which the erson-s
Alverside county Y P P ( -)—
' I My Comm Expires Feb 16,2606 acted, executed the instrument.
f J
VyIT-NESS my hand and official seal.
( X) 0 IG'L
Place Notary Seal Above Signature of Notary Public
OPTIONAL
I Though the information below is not required by law,it may prove valuable to persons relying on the document
and could prevent fraudulent removal and reattachment of this form to another document. ,J
Description of Attach d Document
J Title or Type of Document:
J
1'
Document Date: Number of Pages:
Signer(s) Other Than Named Above
l
Capacity(ies) Claimed by Signer ,1
Signer's Name: IV AR
• ❑ Individual Top of thumb here
❑ Corporate Officer—Title(s)
❑ Partner—❑ Limited ❑ General
❑ Attorney in Fact
❑ Trustee
�;. ❑ Guardian or Conservator
❑ Other:
I
Signer Is Representing: \ J
I I
0 1999 National Notary Assocldllon•9350 De Selo Ave.,P.D.Box 2402•Chatsworth,CA 91 313-24 0 2•me nalionalnder,o, Pmtl.No.5907 Reorder.Call Toll-Free 1-800-876-BB27
CV Housing coalition
Determine Hsg Needs Chronic
or Term Ill Adults
AGREEMENT #3736
SIIBRECIPIENT AGREEMENT R18828, CM Signed, 11-25-96
THIS AGREEMENT (herein "Agreement") , is made and entered into
this _r?> day of �/J� ,,. _ . 1996, by and between the CITY OF
PALM SPRINGS, (herein "City) , a municipal corporation, and the
Coachella Valley Housing Coalition, (herein "Provider") .
WHEREAS, the City has entered into various funding agreements
with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
("HUD") , which agreements provide funds ("CDBG Funds") to the City
under the Federal Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42
U.S. C. Section 5301 et secs. ) , as amended from time to time (the
"Act") , and the regulations promulgated thereunder (24 C.F.R.
Section 570 et sea. ("Regulations") ; and
WHEREAS, the Act provides that the City may grant the CDBG
Funds to nonprofit organizations for certain purposes allowed under
the Act; and
WHEREAS, the Provider is a nonprofit organization which
operates a program which is eligible for a grant of CDBG funds and
the City desires to assist in the operation of the program by
granting CDBG Funds to the Provider to pay for all or a portion of
those costs incurred in operating the program permitted by the Act
and the Regulations on terms and conditions more particularly set
forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. 0 SERVICES OF CONTRACTOR.
1. 1 Scope of Services. In compliance with all terms and
conditions of this Agreement, the Provider shall provide those
services specified in the "Scope of Services" attached hereto as
Exhibit "A" and incorporated herein by this reference. Provider
warrants that all services will be performed in a competent,
professional and satisfactory manner.
1. 2 Compliance with Law. All services rendered
hereunder shall be provided in accordance with all ordinances,
resolutions, statutes, rules, and regulations of the City and any
Federal, State or local governmental agency of competent
jurisdiction.
1. 3 Reports. No later than ten (10) days prior to any
payment date specified in Section 2 . 2 , within ten (10) days
following the termination of this Agreement, and at such other
times as the Contract Officer shall request, Provider shall give
the Contract Officer a written report describing the services
provided during the period of time since the last report and
accounting for the specific expenditures of contract funds
hereunder, if applicable. At the times and in the manner required
by law, the Provider shall provide to the City, the Department of
Housing and Urban Development, the Comptroller General of the
United States, any other individual or entity, and/or their duly
-1-
authorized representatives, any and all reports and information
required for compliance with the Act and the Regulations.
2 . 0 COMPENSATION.
2 . 1 Contract Sum. The City shall pay to the Provider on
a reimbursable basis for its services a sum not to exceed Fifty
Thousand Dollars ($50, 000. 00) (the "Contract Sum") in accordance
with the Budget attached hereto in Exhibit B and incorporated
herein by this reference; and as herein provided. The budget cost
categories set out in Exhibit B are general guidelines and if
mutually agreed by both parties, may be amended administratively by
no more than 10%, without the requirement of a formal amendment to
this Agreement, but in no event shall such adjustments increase the
Contract Sum. The Provider shall submit to the City monthly
statements on reimbursable expenditures pursuant to the attached
Budget along with pertinent supporting documentation. The City
shall promptly review the monthly expenditure statements and, upon
approval, reimburse the Provider its authorized operating costs.
2 . 2 Payroll Records. In cases where the contract sum
will reimburse payroll expenses as part of operations, the Provider
will establish a system of maintaining accurate payroll records
which will track daily hours charged to the project by the
Provider's respective employees, as set forth in OMB Circular A-122
Attachment B. 6.
2 . 3 Draw Downs. Failure by Provider to request
reimbursement or encumbrance of at least 25% of the total grant by
the end of each fiscal year quarter (September 30, December 30,
March 31, and June 30) shall result in the immediate forfeiture of
25% of the total grant.
3 . 0 COORDINATION OF WORK.
3 . 1 Representative of Provider. The following
principals of Providers are hereby designated as being the
principals and representatives of Provider authorized to act in its
behalf with respect to the work specified herein and make all
decisions in connection therewith:
John F. Mealey
3 . 2 Contract Officer. The Contract Officer shall be
such person as may be designated by the chief administrative
officer of City.
-2-
3 .3 Prohibition Against Subcontracting or Assignment.
Provider shall not contract with any other entity to perform in
whole or in part the services required hereunder without the
express written approval of the City. Neither this Agreement nor
any interest herein may be assigned or transferred, voluntarily or
by operation of law, without the prior written approval of the
City.
3 .4 Independent Contractor. Neither the City nor any of
its employees shall have any control over the manner, mode or means
by which Provider, its agents or employees, perform the services
required herein, except as otherwise set forth herein. Provider
shall perform all services required herein as an independent
contractor of City and shall remain at all times as to City a
wholly independent contractor with only such obligations as are
consistent with that role. Provider shall not at any time or in
any manner represent that it or any of its agents or employees are
agents or employees of City.
4 . 0 COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL REGULATIONS .
4 . 1 The Provider shall maintain records of its
operations and financial activities in accordance with the
requirements of the Housing and Community Development Act and the
regulations promulgated thereunder, which records shall be open to
inspection and audit by the authorized representatives of the City,
the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Comptroller
General during regular working hours. Said records shall be
maintained for such time as may be required by the regulations of
the Housing and Community Development Act, but in no case for less
than three years after the close of the program.
4 . 2 The Provider certifies it shall adhere to and comply
with the following as they may be applicable:
(a) Submit to City through its Economic
Development Division monthly reports on
program status;
(b) Section 109 of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1974 , as amended and the
regulations issued pursuant thereto;
(c) Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development
Act of 1968, as amended;
(d) Executive Order 11246, as amended by Executive
Orders 11375 and 12086, and implementing
regulations at 41 CFR Chapter 60;
(e) Executive Order 11063 , as amended by Executive
Order 12259, and implementing regulations at
24 CFR Part 107;
-3-
• 0
(f) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
(P.L. 93-112) , as amended, and implementing
regulations;
(g) The Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (P.L. 94-
135, as amended, and implementing regulations;
(h) The relocation requirements of Title II and
the acquisition requirements of Title III of
the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real
Property Acquisition at 24 CFR Part 42 ;
(i) The labor standard requirements as set forth
in 24 CFR Part 570, Subpart K and HUD
regulations issued to implement and
requirements;
(j) The Program Income requirements as set forth
in 24 C.F.R. 570 .504 (c) and 570. 503 (b) (8) ;
(k) The Provider is to carry out each activity in
compliance with all Federal laws and
regulations described in 24 C.F.R. 570,
Subpart K, except that the Provider does not
assume the City ' s environmental
responsibilities described at 24 C.F.R.
570. 604 ; nor does the Provider assume the
city's responsibility for initiating the
review process under the provisions of 24
C.F.R. Part 52 ;
(1) Executive Order 11988 relating to the
evaluation of flood hazards and Executive
Order 11288 relating to the prevention,
control and abatement of water pollution;
(m) The flood insurance purchase requirements of
Section 102 (a) of the Flood Disaster
Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-234) ;
(n) The regulations, policies, guidelines and
requirements of 24 CFR 570; the "Common Rule" ,
24 CFR Part 85 and subpart J; OMB Circular
Nos. A-102 , Revised, A-87, A-110 and A-122 as
they relate to the acceptance and use of
federal funds under the federally-assisted
program.
(o) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L.
88-352) and implementing regulations issued at
24 CFR Part 1;
(p) Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
(P.L. 90-284) as amended; and
-4-
(q) The lead-based paint requirements of 24 CFR
Part 35 issued pursuant to the Lead-Based
Paint Poisoning Prevention Act (42 U.S.C. 4801
et sea. ) ;
(r) Maintain property inventory system to
numerically identify HUD purchased property
and document its acquisition date as is set
forth in OMB Circular A-110 Attachment N
Property Management Standard 6d.
(s) Such other City, County, State, or Federal
laws, rules, and regulations, executive orders
or similar requirements which might be
applicable.
4 . 3 The City shall have the right to periodically
monitor the program operations of the provider under this
Agreement.
5. 0 INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION.
5 . 1 Insurance. The Provider shall procure and maintain,
at its cost, and submit concurrently with its execution of this
Agreement, public liability and property damage insurance against
claims for injuries against persons or damages to property
resulting from Provider's acts or omissions arising out of or
related to Provider's performance under this Agreement. Provider
shall also carry Workers' Compensation Insurance in accordance with
State Workers' Compensation laws. Such insurance shall be kept in
effect during the term of this Agreement and shall not be
cancelable without thirty (30) days' prior written notice of the
proposed cancellation to City. A certificate evidencing the
foregoing and naming the City as an ,additional insured shall be
delivered to and approved by the City prior to commencement of the
services hereunder. The procuring of such insurance or the
delivery of policies or certificates evidencing the same shall not
be construed as a limitation of Provider's obligation to indemnify
the City, its officers, or employees. The amount of insurance
required hereunder shall be as required by the Contract Officer not
exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500, 000) .
5. 2 Indemnification. The Provider shall defend,
indemnify and hold harmless the City, its officers and employees,
from and against any and all actions, suits, proceedings, claims,
demands, losses, costs, and expenses, including legal costs and
attorneys' fees, for injury to or death of person(s) , for damage to
property (including property owned by the City) arising out of or
related to Contractor's performance under this Agreement, except
for such loss as may be caused by City's own negligence or that of
its officers or employees.
-5-
6. 0 DISCRIMINATION, TERMINATION. AND ENFORCEMENT.
6 . 1 Covenant Against Discrimination. Provider covenants
that, by and for itself, its heirs, executors, assigns, and all
persons claiming under or through them that there shall be no
discrimination against or segregation of any person or group of
persons on account of race, color, creed, religion, sex, marital
status, physical or mental disability, national origin, or ancestry
in the performance of this Agreement. Provider shall take
affirmative action to insure that applicants are employed and that
employees are treated during employment without regard to their
race, color, creed, religion, sex, marital status, physical or
mental disability, national origin, or ancestry.
6. 2 Term. Unless earlier terminated in accordance with
Section 6. 3 of this Agreement, this Agreement shall continue in
full force and effect until completion of the services, but not
exceeding one (1) year from the date hereof.
6. 3 Termination Prior to Expiration of Term. Either
party may terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without
cause, upon thirty (30) days' written notice to the other party.
Upon receipt of the notice of termination the Provider shall
immediately cease all services hereunder except as may be
specifically approved by the Contract Officer. Provider shall be
entitled to compensation for all services rendered prior to receipt
of the notice of termination and City shall be entitled to
reimbursement for any services which have been paid for but not
rendered.
7 . 0 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
7 . 1 Notice. Any notice, demand, request, document,
consent, approval, or communication either party desires or is
required to give to the other party shall be in writing and either
served personally or sent by prepaid, first-class mail to the
address set forth below, or such other addresses as may from time
to time be designated by mail.
TO CITY:
City of Palm Springs
3200 East Tahquitz Canyon Way
Palm Springs, California 92263
Attn: City Manager
WITH COPY TO:
Rutan & Tucker
611 Anton Blvd. , Suite 1400
Costa Mesa, California 92626-1998
-6-
TO CONTRACTOR:
Coachella Valley Housing Coalition
45-701 Monroe St. Suite G.
Indio, CA 92201
Attn: John F. Mealey
7 . 2 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended at any
time by the mutual consent of the parties by an instrument in
writing.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement
on the date first above written.
THE IT OF PALM R GS,
14 Dated: By:
City pager
ATTEST:
CX5Y Clerk
APKNZ®VED BY THE
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
RUTAN & TUCKERz_- _--
City ' torney y
CO T C :
Dated: 9/6/96 By: John F. Mealey
Name:
Title: Executive Director
-7-
EXHMrr "A"
SCOPE Or SERVICES
Under the terms of this Subrecipient Agreement the PROVIDER shall:
(1) Identify the target population's needs through existing studies that identify the housing needs of
chronically or terminally ill adults who could live independently with supportive services and through
technical assistance provided through Desert AIDS Project, Riverside County Office on Aging and other
providers dealing with chronically ill adults.
(2)Evaluate properties available in the Chuckwalla neighborhood as well as other City redevelopment areas
suitable for rehabilitation or construction of housing for the chronically ill and determine the financial
feasibility and source of funds for the project at that site.
(3) Coordinate with the aforementioned service agencies regarding design and/or inclusion of
community/leased space in the project.
(4) Select propertie(s) and perform site evaluation of the project to include, when applicable, the following
activities:
Carle Search (planning and building)to determine potential violations.
MeetingrvithBrd1dMg,Fire andflanning Officials to discuss the property and applicable codes,
as well as planned site visit with all involved.
Preparation of a site plan to identify buildings, units, major hard scape and landscape areas.
Photographic srnvev of units,buildings and site for reference and for "existing condition" survey.
Typical unit floor plans (,is appropriate).
Photograph or draft elevations of main facades to serve as "base plan" for aesthetic upgrade:
"before and after".
0. Written Description of major work and outline specifications
Sketch or notation or.photographs for site improveprents-major landscape areas, new amenities,
rework of hard scape, parking, etc.
Review existing plumbing and piping conditions.
0. ,Site observation of 100% of units to note, conditions that will require rehabilitation and
reconfiguration.
0. Preliminary structural analysis to identify possible needs for retrofitting, with preliminary
calculations.
Review options to upgrade energy conservation of units with Title 24.
Review requirements for disability (ADA) accessibility.
Discrnss the required and 'optional work" for bid purposes.
(5) Perform due diligence investigation of the project site to include but not limited to the following
activities:
Legal review of all documents
0. Environmental assessments
Site control ex ernses
Appraisals
Title Expenses
Financial Feasibility Studies& Financing Applications
EXHIBIT `B"
BUDGET
BUDGET SUMMARY TOTAL CDBG FUNDS
I. Personnel
Salaries &Wages $ $
Fringe Benefits $ $
Consultants & Contract $ $
Services $ $
II. Non-Personnel
Space Costs $ $
Rental, Lease or Purchase of
Equipment $ $
Consumable Supplies $ $
Travel $ $
Telephone $ $
Other Costs $ $
III. Planning Studies
Professional Market Study $ 3,500* $ -0-
Financial Investigation, proformas,
Financing applications and Development
Team coordination $ 10,000** $ 8,000**
Technical Assistance from agencies 3,000 $ -0-
SUB-TOTAL $ 16.500 $ 8.000
IV. Architectural/Engineering Design $ See VI $ See VI
V. Acquisition of Real Property $ See VI $ See VI
VI. Construction/Rehabilitation
Construction/Rehabilitation Evaluation 17,000 1$ 7 000***
Legal $ 2,500 2,500
Environmental Study 5,000 5,000
Site Control Costs 10,000 10,000
Appraisals 5,000 5,000
Title Expenses 2,500 2,500
SUB-TOTAL $ 42.000 $ 42.000
TOTAL $ 58 500 50,000
Denotes value of in-kind services
Includes salaries
*** Includes architectural & engineering services
niMnnv�� iusunnnce� The hanye or Company shown on the reverse sid number 2
/ excess 1 CGs over Primary with Company shown on rove*ide as number
\INsunnNce This cortificate sursedes any prevlously issued certificate
THIS IS NO AN INSURANCE POLICY. THIS IS ONLY A VERIFICATION OF INS UB
pe ANC :11 DOES NOT- N ANY WAY AMEND, EXTEND l
ALIFR THE COVERAGE PROVIDED BY IHL POLICIES LISTED BELOW
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N�mer1 COACHEL.LA VALLEY HOUSING COALITION '
Irsaac'rel 45-701 Ni0NP0E. ST SUITE G [xcessPolicyoiCertificateNunlber
1AW1ress , ��-__.PITM�'o
q' 31 372 1490 97 41
I ND I O C A 9 2 2 01 `Agent Policy Number
We certify that policies for the above Named Insured are in force as follows:' M-r, t
Effective from: 2-6-96 yap)=„✓ ,� .- I,,
-- to: at which time this certifi rate bsc6. es I VOID or continuous until
cancelled. (Box "X'd" applies).
COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY COVERAGE COMBINED PRIMARY & EXCESS LIMITS OF INSURANCE _
COVERED NOT COVERED GENERAL AGGREGATE LIMIT (Other
LX1 ❑ PREMISES/OPERATIONS Than Products-Completed Operations) $ 1 , 000, a00
Lj ❑ PRODUCTS-COMPLETED PRODUCTS-COMPLETED OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS AGGREGATE LIMIT $ I ,000, 000
PERSONAL & ADVERTISING INJURYLIMIT$ 1 , 000 , 000
EACH OCCURRENCE LIMIT $ 1 , 000, 000
FIRE DAMAGE LIMIT $ 50, 000 ANY ONE FIRE
MEDICAL EXPENSE LIMIT $_5z00 _ ANY ONE PERSOi
WORKERS' COMPENSATION T EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY INSURANCE LIMITS ^�
COVERED NOT COVERED BODILY INJURY BY ACCIDENT $ _ each Accident
❑ K STATUTORY BODILY INJURY BY ACCIDENT $ each Employee
BODILY INJURY BY ACCIDENT $ Polic7 Limit
AUTO and/or GARAGE LIABILITY COVERAGE COMBINED LIMITS OF PRIMARY & EXCESS INSURANCE
❑ DEALERS (Plan 1) ❑ NON-DEALERS (Plan 11)
COVERED NOT COVERED Bodily Injury $_ 000 each person.
❑ X Owned $ 000 each Accider
❑ K Hired Property Damage $ 000 each Acclden
G0 ❑ Non-Owned Aggregate Lirri t $ '000
(Garage Plan Only)
Single Limit Liability for Coverages checked [XI above. $ 1 , 000 - 000 each Acciden
COVERED NOT COVERED $ , ,000 each Vehicle
❑ ® Cargo $ 000 each accurrep+
^Described Deseriphon i
OWNED ❑ below ❑ waived
AUTOS YEAR, MAKE,TTYPE OF BODY, LOAD CAPACITY IDEiNT➢HCATION: KIUI IBE
iF
COVERED
UMBRELLA LIABILITY Y�
Umbrella Liability ! $ — ,000 retained limit
POLICY NUMBER $ ,000 each occur renc
000 aggregate
Upon cancellation or termination of this policy or policies from any cause we will mail _- 30_ days written notice to th
other Interest shown below. Notice of cancellation of the primary coverage automatically terminates excess coverage.
Certificate Issued To:
Name THE CITY OF PALM SPRINGS
actt ATTN : FRANCISCA TOSCAN
es P .O . LOX 2743Addr
PALM SPRINGS CA 92263 CC i nte'rsigned by Aulhonzed Rrpresentalive
01110 Only: Any person who, with intent to defraud or knowing that he z�f- iifs an application o
files a claim Containing a false or deceptive statement is guilty of Insurance lik". ibmu sginI VrI.
�'.,Ga aC6 RA;. CITY, n�42 �'* :« r
Gesun ISi ❑ 11RAN eee (Over) d�^'d2Fah�4'frAlr..7fi Fa'iMm�cQ-�e,STpd i,,, �;^
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POLICY NUMBER: 1490 9, s i AMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY
THIS ENDORSEMENT CHANGES THE POLICY. PLEASE READ IT CAREFULLY.
ADDITIONAL INSURED - OWNERS, LESSEES OR
CONTRACTORS ORS - (FORM B)
This endorsement modifies insurance provided under the following:
COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY COVERAGE PART.
SCHEDULE
Name of Person or Organization: THE CITY OF PALM SPRINGS
(If no entry appears above, information required to complete this endorsement will be shown in the Declara-
tions as applicable to this endorsement.)
WHO IS AN INSURED (Section 11) is amended to include as an insured the person or organization shown in the
Schedule, but only with respect to liability arising out of"your work" for that insured by or for you.
CG 20 10 11 85 Copyright, Insurance Services Office, Inc , 1984 ❑