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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2/16/2011 - STAFF REPORTS - 2I To the Palm Springs City Council and Mayor Steve Pougnet My name is Marisa Serrano and I am writing to you today to urge you to forgo inviting a company into our city which repeatedly breaks the law and misleads citizens into thinking they are providing wholesome entertainment to the community when, in reality, they are torturing animals in an effort to make money. Flying U Rodeos, who will produce the Pala-n Springs West. Fest, has been documented time after time breaking California Penal Code, section 596.7 (3e) which states: The rodeo management shall ensure that no electric prod or similar device is used on any animal once the animal is in the chute, unless necessary to protect the participants and spectators of the rodeo. Numerous videos are available to view on the intemet of Flying U Rodeos using electric shock devices on horses while in the chute in an effort to make them buck for the show, while in California. I am proud to be in a state where such a painful practice is banned by the law; however `Flying U seems to think the law does not apply to them. I urge you to view this video before inviting them into our city: www.youtube.coiii/watch?v=d/RNiw113034 In the first ten seconds of the video you will be assured the rodeo is indeed in California and `Flying U staff does electrically prod their show stock. I am a citizen deeply concerned with the numerous ways rodeos harm animals and, while it pains me to say so, I realize that my concerns for the welfare of these animals may not be shared by my local government. However, as the mayor, and esteemed members of the Palm Springs City Council, please hear my concern on this issue- FLYING U RODEOS BREAKS THE LAW. Please do not let this company into our city to profit off the backs of tortured animals, and for their profits to come from an unaware, law abiding, public. Thank you. Most Sincerely Marisa Serrano (760) 473-9891 2265 E Del 1,ago Road P Pali n Springs CA 92262 To the members of the Palm Springs City Council: Palm Springs has long had a reputation for progressive thinking and tolerance. An example is the way in which the town welcomed the gay community. A rodeo does not ref lect an upscale, evolved community outlook. At the risk of appearing ingenuous, I fail to see any entertainment value in animal suffering. What value system tells us that sweeping a terrified baby animal off his legs, causing him to crash to the ground and possibly sustain a serious injury, is amusing? The "thrill" of watching a bucking bronc is, in actuality, only bearing witness to a traumatized unbroken horse struggling to escape the terror of his captors. In a perfect universe, I would hope that the Council would cancel the upcoming rodeo. If this is not possible, due to contracts or other legal constraints, it is my sincere hope that the rodeo will no longer be considered an appropriate means of stimulating the local economy in the future. Let's opt for a more humane, socially conscious approach. If you would like to discuss this matter with me personally, please email me at slu osmom@ mail.com, or you will be able to find me in the picket line, handing out leaflets in front of the rodeo venue in March. Sincerely, Olivia Parker FROM THE DESK OF MARILYN RAMOS February 14, 2011 (Sent Via Email and Hand Deliver To The City of Palm Springs Attn: Mayor and City Council I gladly write this letter on Valentine's Day because of my love for animals. I spend a lot of time in Palm Springs and enjoy many of the restaurants there as well as the movie theatres (especially the one-of-a kind movies only found at The Camelot). I also go to many of the shows and concerts put on at the Annenberg Theatre and the Palm Canyon Theatre. I have also enjoyed the Palm Springs Art Museum many Saturday afternoons. I am originally from New York City and have lots of family and friends visit especially during the season. I always recommend hotels in Palm Springs. The reason I am writing to you today is to express my dismay in your support and sponsorship of the Palm Springs rodeo. Animals in rodeos do not receive "humane treatment" or "quality veterinary care." In fact, rodeo handlers bully animals with electric prods, straps, spurs and tail twisting. On-site veterinarians(if present)cannot intervene once a deliberately agitated animal is released into the ring. "Without torture, there can be no rodeo," says Peggy W. Larson, DVM, MS,ID,a former bareback bronco rider who explains that horses and bulls buck wildly only because they are in pain from rigid flank straps and spurring. Rodeo organizers allege compliance with animal welfare rules, but well documented images tell a different story.A scared calf flees into the ring at high speeds so the"cowboy"can neck-choke him into the ground. He typically body-slams the young animal again for theatrical effect. In bucking events, the horses' intestines and groins are cinched so tightly they lurch in response to pain. Animals who won't buck may be shocked with electric prods. Many careen into fences, posts or chutes. All rodeos are inherently cruel but Cotton Rosser is one of the worst in this field. He is well known for his propensity to electroshock animals to force them to perform. In 2000, at the Grand National Rodeo in San Francisco, a bull ran into the device known as the"Bull Teeter-Totter"and died on the spot. At the 2008 Stanislaus County Sheriffs Posse Rodeo in Turlock, CA a bull was injured tripping over a"cowboy dummy" left in the arena.The bull was unable to place any weight on his left rear leg and the limb was observed to be"flapping around". Upon later examination by a veterinarian it was determined that the bull had a "distal femoral fracture of the left hind limb". The vet recommended immediate humane euthanasia. Cotton Rosser choose to ignore this advice and extended the agony of this fatally injured animal so he could travel across California for the sole purpose of collecting semen from this bull. Rosser claims to treat his animals like family members but his actions prove otherwise. At the 2008 Livermore Rodeo in Livermore, CA three bulls were seriously injured - one so badly it had to be immediately killed. A fourth bull escaped the pens. In addition, during the Team Roping a horse died on the spot. He had to be dragged out on a sled. The bull that had to be killed fractured his left hind leg while spinning in the arena. This is yet more evidence of the shockingly large amount of animal injuries that take place in rodeo especially Cotton Rosser/Flying U Rodeo Company rodeos. I am all for celebrating and honoring the city's western roots and Frank Bogert and enjoying good country music, etc. but I don't understand why animal cruelty needs to be a part of this celebration. Why would you want to associate your beautiful city with animal abuse? I ask that you please reconsider bringing the rodeo part of the WestFest back in 2012. If you do, I will have to reconsider spending my hard earned dollars in Palm Springs. Thank you for your consideration, cm,fli4v 6UMOs Marilyn Ramos 9830 Valencia Drive Desert Hot Springs, CA 92240 Dear city of Palm Springs, My name is Kaitlyn Garrison, I am 12 years old and love animals. Last year my mom and I went to the summer fair in Orange County and they let people go into an arena to see part of a rodeo for free. I could not believe my eyes. They were treating the animals so cruelly. The animals were so scared and they were even using baby animals that were scared. Some of the animals were hurt, but no one helped them. I wanted to go and help them, but my mom told me that people are not allowed into the arena. I cannot believe that people are so mean to animals and they cheer on the people who are hurting them. It is not right and I don't like that there is a rodeo in Palm Springs, hurting animals the way that I saw in Orange County. I will never stop loving animals and I will never stop hating rodeos. Please tell me how we can make this stop. Don't you feel sorry for these scared animals? Sincerely, Kaitlyn Garrison 760-776-6007 "To The City of Palm Springs Attn: Mayor and City Council The reason I am writing to you today, and I am joining forces with Marilyn Ramos and others, is to express my dismay in your support and sponsorship of the Palm Springs rodeo. Animals in rodeos do not receive "humane treatment" or "quality veterinary care." In fact, rodeo handlers bully animals with electric prods, straps, spurs and tail twisting. On-site veterinarians (if present) cannot intervene once a deliberately agitated animal is released into the ring. "Without torture, there can be no rodeo," says Peggy W. Larson, DVM, MS, JD, a former bareback bronco rider who explains that horses and bulls buck wildly only because they are in pain from rigid flank straps and spurring. Rodeo organizers allege compliance with animal welfare rules, but well documented images tell a different story. A scared calf flees into the ring at high speeds so the "cowboy" can neck-choke him into the ground. He typically body- slams the young animal again for theatrical effect. In bucking events, the horses' intestines and groins are cinched so tightly they lurch in response to pain. Animals who won't buck may be shocked with electric prods, many careen into fences, posts or chutes. All rodeos are inherently cruel but Cotton Rosser is one of the worst in this field. He is well known for his propensity to electroshock animals to force them to perform. - In 2000, at the Grand National Rodeo in San Francisco, a bull ran into the device known as the A Bull Teeter-Totter@ and died on the spot. At the 2008 Stanislaus County Sheriffs Posse Rodeo in Turlock, CA a bull was injured tripping over a "cowboy dummy" left in the arena. The bull was unable to place any weight on his left rear leg and the limb was observed to be "flapping around". Upon later examination by a veterinarian it was determined that the bull had a "distal femoral fracture of the left hind limb". The vet recommended immediate humane euthanasia. Cotton Rosser choose to ignore this advice and extended the agony of this fatally injured animal so he could travel across California for the sole purpose of collecting semen from this bull. Rosser claims to treat his animals like family members but his actions prove otherwise. - At the 2008 Livermore Rodeo in Livermore, CA three bulls were seriously injured - one so badly it had to be immediately killed. A fourth bull escaped the pens. In addition, during the Team Roping a horse died on the spot. He had to be dragged out on a sled. The bull that had to be killed fractured his left hind leg while spinning in the arena. This is yet more evidence of the shockingly large amount of animal injuries that take place in rodeo especially Cotton Rosser/Flying U Rodeo Company rodeos. I am all for celebrating and honoring the city's western roots and Frank Bogert and enjoying good country music, etc. but I don=t understand why animal cruelty needs to be a part of this celebration. Why would you want to associate your beautiful city with animal abuse? Please do not make rodeo part of the Westfest in 2012. It would be a reason to boycott the event entirely. Thank you for your consideration, Maureen Berwing 59920 Onaga Trail Joshua Tree, Ca. 92252" February 14, 2010 ATTN: Steve Pougnet, mayor of Palm Springs; and the members of the Palm Springs City Council Re: Palm Springs Rodeo We would like to voice our concerns in regards to the Palm Springs Rodeo which is to honor Frank Bogert. We live in the city of Palm Desert and enjoy our frequent visits to Palm Springs. Last year we learned of this annual rodeo and could not believe that the mayor and city council of Palm Springs allow this brutal form of"entertainment" in this city. When we think of Palm Springs we immediately think about the wonderful architecture,the art,the history and the celebrities. A rodeo is completely the antithesis of this wonderful city. These days,so many people are aware of the serious cruelty that occurs in rodeos and it would seem that the city of Palm Springs would do anything not to be associated with acts of cruelty towards animals. We are so grateful that the other cities here in the desert do not sponsor such violent activities and wonder why Palm Springs is willing to do this. There was a discussion about rodeos at our daughter's school animal protection club and the students knew so much about how the animals are purposely hurt and are angry to know that so many animals die at these "entertainment"events. There are so many other ways to honor the memory of Frank Bogert,why does it need to be such a low class approach? The rodeo mostly attracts a specific group of people who are generally not interested in art and architecture. Yet,when they are done with this horrific cruelty towards these gentle animals,they leave town, but leave the negative energy behind for the citizens to deal with. A rodeo does not belong in Palm Springs and it really does give a bad image to the city of Palm Springs by negating the sophistication Palm Springs is known for. We are hoping that you will consider the fact that there are many citizens in this valley that have a negative opinion of rodeos. If Palm Springs continues to sponsor these rodeos,we will have to assume that animal cruelty is acceptable to the city and we will go out of our way to avoid supporting this city in any way. Please seriously consider discontinuing sponsorship of this low-class,abusive,disrespectful "entertainment". Kind Regards, Mark, Erlyn and Kaitlyn Garrison 73436 Foxtail Palm Desert,Ca 92260 760-776-6007 Dear Palm Springs City Council, I am writing to express my disappointment that a city that has pledged to become "my sustainable city" has turned their back on that pledge by supporting an event that stands contrary to all the ideals that a sustainable lifestyle adheres to - that event being a rodeo. Rodeos have a long, shocking and appalling history of cruelty to animals, including babies! A sustainable lifestyle is about living in harmony with our ecosystem and surroundings to improve the quality of life for all within the community. Rodeos are about torturing, maiming, injuring and even killing other living, breathing, feeling creatures for "entertainment." Are these really the kinds of values you wish to promote in Palm Springs tourism? I respectfully urge each of you to reconsider the notion of bringing a horribly cruel institution now banned in many cities and countries around the world to our lovely desert. Palm Springs has indicated it would like to move forward and progress towards a brighter future. Holding a rodeo is nothing but a step backward into the dark ages and will do more harm than anything else. It is not ok to invite torture and suffering of living beasts into your town just because you think you might make a little money off it. Thank you for your consideration and reply. I have attached a rodeo fact sheet that illustrates some of the many reasons rodeos should be rejected. The "tradition" of rodeos is about as correct as the "tradition" of slavery was, and your willingness to celebrate such a tradition calls into question your judgment and ability to lead Palm Springs into a bright and sustainable future. Meilani Desert Hot Springs, Ca Rodeo Reality: CHEYEN!1NE FRONTIER, g ONTIER DAYS What the rodeo industry won't tell you Rodeos maim, injure and kill EM untold numbers of animals every year. Rodeo associations, such as the PRCA and IPRA, refuse to release injury and death reports, or the record of violations of their so- M called "humane rules". ell -� The rodeo industry relies on - baseless surveys from nameless, w undated, mystery rodeos to propa- gate outrageously inaccurate animal to outr ou injury rates. SHARK,s documentation has repeatedly m proven the Professional Rodeo r fir" a7 Cowboys Association's (PRCA) M. - ; µ public statistics to be utter �" nonsense. Mvft.~ Even contestants themselves know how high the injury rates really are. Says T. K. Hardy, a calf roper and veterinarian to Newsweek, "I keep 30 head of cattle around for practice, at $200 a head. You can cripple three or four in an afternoon. So it gets to be a pretty expensive hobby." t --� In over 20 cities and states the w majority of Americans have said . "No" to rodeo cruelty by either banning or restricting events. -4 For years, SHARK has documented and exposed violations of rodeo's "humane rules" and state cruelty laws from coast to coast. For more information, videos, and photos, go to: www.RodeoCruelty.com SHowing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK) 5 Speaking Out: What Experts and Celebrities are Saying about Rodeo "You don't have to be an animal rights activist to see how these rodeos hurt the animals. It isn't a matter of perspective or opinion-animal suffering, injuries and death are all part of rodeos." -Rikki Rockett, drummer and co-founder of Poison "Do I think it hurts the calf? Sure I do. I'm not stupid." Keith Martin, Chairman of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), in an interview about the abusive calf roping event "I do not torture animals, and I do not support the torture of animals, such as that which goes on at rodeos: cowardly men in big hats abusing simple beasts in a fruitless search for man- r - hood." .. ftV. -George Carlin "Without torture, there can be no rodeos. In my opinion, and based on my extensive training and experience, it is impossible to create a hu- mane rodeo." -Peggy W. Larson, DVM, large animal veteri- narian and former bronc rider "Kindness and compassion towards all living beings is a mark of a civilized soci- ety. Racism, economic deprival, dog fighting and cock fighting, bullfighting and rodeos are all cut from the same defec- tive fabric: violence. ^'' Owl -Cesar Chavez, civil rights leader, founder of the United Farm Workers ' Wq In addition to mistreatment and neglect, , animals are often injured during rodeo competition. Kerry Levin, DVM, former barrel racer and rodeo vet For more information, videos, and photos, go to: www.RodeoCruelty.com SHowing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK) A Reported Date: PO BOX 7000.752 3/12/2010---3/14/201.0 Redondo Beach, CA 90277-8710 (310) 383-9777 Nature of Call PC 597.6 -RODEO officer. Stewart, Andrew J. Administrative Information Agency: DR No. Supplemental No. Reported Date: Reported time: ACl/SPCA 10-14333 Original 3/12--3/14/2010 6:00pm Status: Nature of Calk. Assignment: 2 allegedly injured animals, no arrests, PC 597.E RODEO Humane Monitor no animals impounded Location: City: 277 N. Avenida Caballeros Palm Springs, CA 92262 Person Summary Rodeo Contract Agency: Owner/Operator. Business Address: City: Flying U Rodeo Company Cotton Rosser 320 5th. St. Marysville, CA 95901 Rodeo stock provider Business Telephone: Flying U Rodeo Company (530) 743-8249 Property Summary Still photography pictures obtained; photos of rodeo animals and handlers during the routine performance of the show. NOTE: FLYING U RODEO COMPANY DID NOT PERMIT VIDEO TAPE FILMING AT THIS EVENT. Uniformed Riverside County Sherriffs Department; 'Explorers' were on hand checking bags and instructing attendees: NO Video filming. Reporting Officer: Printed ar #101/Stewart, Andrew J. 3-15-10 12:41pm r Summary Narrative Humane Officer Andrew Stewart attended the Palm Springs rodeo as a private citizen humane monitor. Officer Stewart contacted the Palm Springs Police Department and spoke with Sgt. Anderson.. It was agreed upon that Officer Stewart would maintain a passive humane monitor role as a private citizen at the event. All humane concerns observed by officer Stewart were to be reported to any Palm Springs Police officer in attendance at the rodeo. Officer Stewart was instructed not to make direct contact with the rodeo operators. During the course of the 3 day event, Officer Stewart observed.2 allegedly injured animals. One injury involved a horse being ridden by a female in the barrel race portion of the rodeo. This horse appeared to injure its left hind ankle/hoof and could not finish the event. From Officer Stewart's vantage point in the grandstands the rider appeared to be having the animal checked at the onsite animal hospital provided by Flying U rodeo, Company. The second alleged injury involved a horse that Officer Stewart observed first collapse while in the chute. This animal got to its feet after the chute was opened. During a post rodeo animal welfare check Officer Stewart noted a gash wound just above the right hind hoof This wound was bleeding and needed veterinarian attention.. It is alleged that this is the same horse that collapsed while in the chute and this injury is possibly a result of that fall. Officer Stewart immediately photographed the injury and reported the injury to Palm Springs uniformed Police Officer; Tom Becken Officer Becketl informed that he would immediately initiate contact with the rodeo operators to ensure the animal's injury was handled properly. Additional humane handling concerns and possible PRCA rules violations were noted by Officer Stewart, these include; • No shelter for the animals to get out of the direct sunlight • steer tail twisting/pulling AND -horse tail pulling • -Untreated horse With visibly bleeding gash wound on lower right leg • excessive poking and provoking,w/hearding stick„ of a captive horse by 2-3 rodeo workers,the horse appeared to possibly have bruising marks on its body as a result of this type of handling. • Man backhand' slapping horse in head while the animal was confined in chute • Rodeo worker kicking a stubborn steer refusing to re-eater stock holding area • Horses collapsing whale in the chute awaiting release into the ring, then entering ring w/ leg entangled in rope causing several falls Reporting OOcer: Printed at: #101/Stewart, Andrew J. 3-15-10 12:41 pam. eofs 14 February 11,2011 Mr. David Ready City Manager City of Palm Springs 3200 E.Tahquitz Canyon Way Palm Springs,CA 92263 Re: Palm Springs WestFest& Frank Bogert Memorial Rodeo Dear Mr. Ready, This letter is to invite the City of Palm Springs to support Palm Springs WestFest&Frank Bogert Memorial Rodeo scheduled for March 24—27,2011. Palm Springs WestFest& Frank Bogert Memorial Rodeo is a celebration of the great Western lifestyle and cowboy heritage that formcr mayor Frank Bogert left for all to enjoy.Presented by Spa Resort Casino,the event in its second year is designed to bring families from all over Southern California to enjoy our unique hospitality. This is where Old West meets the New West. The festival will feature Taste of the West food Court onsite,a low$5 admission price for all except rodeo seats, a kids area with carnival,petting zoo and pony rides along with interactive entertainers. Our Mercantile Row will include old west purveyors of handmade artifacts. In addition,our Western Action area will include a Buffalo soldier encampment, Mountain Men encampment,and Chuck wagon displays.New this year will be two things we are excited to bring to Palm Springs: a professional BBQ showdown competition in honor of Frank Bogert and our new Western Design Expo featuring top Western designers such as Buck Taylor, Manuel Couture,Tres Outlaws Boots,Old Frontier Clothing Co.,and Roger Morgan bronze sculptures from Nebraska. There is a lot we are adding to the WestFest,but these are a few of the exciting highlights. We are requesting that the city be one of our sponsors with a$5,000 sponsorship and waiver of fees for our banner on Palm Canyon & Ramon Road. As we have stated above, Spa Resort Casino has committed to be our presenting sponsor. This would place the city with blue-chip marketers that have committed such as Wrangler, Jack Daniels,Bud Light,and KVCR Desert Cities Public Television,among others. This four-day event will attract people from the entire Southern California region as our marketing and advertising plan will include cable TV and radio in the Inland Empire,broadcast television and radio here in Palm Springs,newspaper and magazines from L.A., San Diego and our own Desert Sun and La Prensa Hispana. We will also be marketing the event via several National magazines and websites that reach Western-lifestyle enthusiasts on a global scale through advertising and public relations. Our goal with the Palm Springs WestFest&Frank Bogert Memorial Rodeo is to exceed the 2010 event by at least 25%and bring over 15,000 people to the Downtown area with the largest Western expo of its kind in.California and the country. We sincerely hope that you,our honorable Mayor and City Council will accept our invitation to sponsor our event. "The great thing about the invitation is that there are no consequences if the invitation is not accepted.Just like an invitation to a party,the event will go on. Respectfully submitted, . Christopher Burkhardt&J. Alex Gomez ITEM NO, �-- , 'a.nm; � r ,«��, •;35`n+ `' ;.. ,�' .. ,,�5, ,� 8 ^re^�^ ,�ri,'.. r�ERM'�+, �«a'" ...........�._ ........ Springs2011 Palm et et & alll Frank Bogert Memorial Rodeo The Largest Westem Festival In California .« 'Sponsorship Opportla..rt.ity Ii About the Palm Springs West rest Event Supporters ]'be 201.0 l'aalni Springs West. east and . r'l.nk 1'resen.ti.n�y Sponsor:S Bogert ��'tet?ae�riall Rodeo was attended by over n f 41,t R[�;c►�ti (65��;��tl '12,00 people during the c:ourw of throes day". Also Sponsored by: Tllc t''4'estl est had an. estiniated free attendance of over 3,000 while the Frank Bogert RAM �lelaacarial.I�c�deatl was, a three-day �,.f tickexte d event with over 9,500 in attendance. � riV140 CALIFORNIA ' uke.+o QEace ei.e" ^ For '-)011., the entire WestFest%-rill be enclosed, Media Partners, in a 25 acro ,,ste adjaee nt to the I'al_ni Springys, COWBOYS � S Convention Center with as 1,5 dollar entry fve and �y KRO � �: several. Western lifestyle attractions, ItNi4howt"Star N 4O6tNd HORSE ontertainc., p Art, ; �b qr,:. alrv�:a'. ----- f/.W-b/y 0,u:rr F,.e! , wnw"ww , R:,ePoNdM�w�A i .....,.-a.....,...... d�, A' aIPTIME WARNER CABLE AAl ■ ' MIS .,•• ',�, �, ��{ a@ �� - . . .. SF. t U IV�VIVI� N t I 7 fl3crt '.71 � «:�,, 1 �;R•�".ie4T,. .xpn„••itt a E ti ft apdroat AM;,; Sponsorship nso shi Opportunity ,�t,° ■. .,.,,. Includes logo in all adv rtisin, Mentioned as tie°sti"st Sponsor in all niedia w� releases w; .12 Deserved seats for 0ty Offi(:Ials 4... „ V 11 Scats for 1'ach I ertorniance i 1 ! w�. . WesiFes Ite Map w City l niployee's enter Free 111 a March 24-27,2011 45 (Must show C,itv 1,°,,nlplo t e. J.D) Tahquitz I Saud .,Craw"',"°„".' CI tv lici.raner 1'lacen)cant in tl°4e:' Arena 2011 Palm Springs WestFest Attractions Hotel Info 1 Western Aa't:ists' 6,Cl act `l he 11<alni Springs Oti estl"c st lams, pa:rtrie s end. `7ilmvo.a`tie.' 7,13(?oe°rt 111$Q Stiowdown Nvith local area hotelos Shell asTh '- pa 1 fote'.l, rr 2 ",'one AL1tT .Silver Screen r.., 7 �, t 1-v�ea�,f�f;�wl tatf,c I�i.r-r�a�ssaaiae.e, l"aalraa �Sl:arartis; , Villa Peo)al, `7.la..tlo 111n1Ie�t a l<.a>t draw C eknsix:titic}ra Inns and tether to ce fte2 great lies el deals r 1"le ster n Designi�,xpo I tt.C"c�rvlao� (..<tAa}l:7 y.l.xogeat,lae r, ��e:e stitatate that over 500 roc�nis Nvil1. 4.it`le.=rcaantile Vendor Area 1 1,l�e'tzall Vendor Area1.e hooked for this event. a Nleaeazataairaaaaela 1 ?,(earniva.l. & Pon.y Ridesr,, Springs t°.rae.aan-1.pa€1 a ez 1 t 13-1'ra nk Bogert McYmorial.