HomeMy WebLinkAbout4/19/2017 - STAFF REPORTS - 1.D. 40E Q A`M SA4
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4fF09%4 City Council Staff Report
DATE: April 19, 2017 CONSENT CALENDAR
SUBJECT: APPROVAL OF A REQUEST FOR EARLY CONSTRUCTION START
TIMES MONDAY THRU FRIDAY FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
FOR THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE PROJECT,
CITY PROJECT NO. 15-14
FROM: David H. Ready, City Manager
BY: Engineering Services Department
SUMMARY
The City has received a request from WM Lyles, Co., the General Contractor
responsible for construction of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade, City Project
No. 15-14, to start general construction activities earlier than currently permitted by City
Ordinance. Chapter 8.04.220 of the Palm Springs Municipal Code limits the hours of
construction to between 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM, Monday through Friday, and between
8:00 AM and 5:00 PM on Saturday. No work is permitted on Sundays and City
Holidays. City Council is requested to approve a waiver of the 7:00 AM early start
limitation for general construction activities, and allow an early start time of 4:00 AM, in
consideration of the need to address:
1) The exposure of construction workers to high heat during the summer months.
2) The volume of specialized reinforced concrete construction that for quality reasons
should not occur during high ambient heat.
The City Engineer has recommended approval of this request, which will be subject to
continuous monitoring of noise complaints and impacts to adjacent residential
properties and the surrounding City facilities (DeMuth Park, Tahquitz Creek Golf
Course, and the City Animal Shelter).
RECOMMENDATION:
Approve the request from WM Lyles Co., to an early start construction time of 4:00 AM,
for the Wastewater Treatment Plan Upgrade, City Project No. 15-14, subject to
continuous monitoring of noise complaints and impacts to adjacent residential
properties and surrounding City facilities.
ITEM NO.
City Council Staff Report
April 19, 2017-- Page 2
Request for Early Start Time—W WTP Upgrade, CP15-14
STAFF ANALYSIS:
Construction of the City of Palm Springs Wastewater Treatment Plan Upgrade, City
Project No. 15-14, (the "Project"), commenced in February 2017 and is expected to be
complete by October 2018. The Project's General Contractor, WM Lyles Co. is
requesting three start time changes to the work-week throughout the year, typical for
2017 and 2018. The start times are based on the amount of early morning daylight
available to safely start work without the need for temporary outdoor lighting. This
request is driven by temperatures in the summer months averaging over 100-degrees
Fahrenheit in the afternoons at the work site. The safety of construction workers is a top
priority and it is essential to have an early start time to help reduce the risk of any type
of heat illness to construction personnel. In accordance with Cal-OSHA Section TBCCR
3395, best practices regarding heat illness prevention, work shifts should be adjusted to
avoid work during the hottest part of the day. Early work hours, in addition to proper
hydration, shade, rest, etc. are all integral parts of WM Lyles Co. "Heat Illness
Prevention Program".
In addition to worker safety concerns, the Project will also require placement of over
3,500 cubic yards of concrete, reinforced steel and specialized equipment. Placement of
industrial reinforced concrete during the high temperature afternoons throughout the
summer months is a challenge. Design requirements for the specified concrete mix
design limit the temperature of the concrete at the time of placement to no more than
90-degrees Fahrenheit.
Maintaining concrete temperatures below 90-degrees in the concrete trucks while being
transported from the batch plant to the site becomes more challenging when ambient
temperatures exceed 95-degrees. Methods such as pre-moistening the aggregate at
the batch plant and the use of chilled water in the mix can be used to prevent
overheating of the concrete. However, allowing early morning start times and using
temperature mitigation methods as necessary will reduce the temperature of the placed
concrete and provide a better finished product. Additionally, by completing concrete
placements before mid-day allows time to ensure that proper curing methods are fully in
place prior to the late afternoon high heat, also helping to ensure a better finished
product.
WM Lyles Co. foresees the possibility that a maximum of ten pours for the Primary
Clarifiers slab sections may require start times as early as 4:00 AM, depending on
forecast weather conditions and temperatures. Start times of earlier than 5:30 AM will
only be used for these pours if absolutely necessary. Clarifier slab pours prior to 5:30
AM would only occur twice per week, starting in April 2017 and finishing in June 2017.
A summary of the requested start times for general construction activity that would be
typical during the construction years of 2017 and 2018 and the exception for the
Primary Clarifiers slab sections is included as Attachment 1 and summarized as follows:
02
City Council Staff Report
April 19, 2017 -- Page 3
Request for Early Start Time—WWTP Upgrade, CP15-14
• 6:00 AM: February 1 through April 30.
• 5:30 AM: May 1 through September 30.
• 6:30 AM: October 1 through January 31.
• 4:00 AM: April 2017 to June 2017 two times per week.
NOISE COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT
Construction noise is a recognized concern. To minimize noise levels, WM Lyles Co.
will operate backup alarms on equipment at the minimum allowable decibel levels, and
restrict the use of radios. Concrete truck routing will be planned to minimize reversing
the vehicles to the greatest extent possible. Non-concrete deliveries will not occur prior
to 7:00 AM. Another factor benefiting noise mitigation is the location of the treatment
plant itself. The wastewater treatment facility is surrounded by non-residential properties
such as DuMuth Park to the north and Tahquitz Creek Golf Course to the south and
west. The closest residence is nearly an eighth of a mile from the center of the work
site. There are trees and other vegetation in the park located between the construction
site and the nearest residences that will help attenuate noise levels at these properties.
A location map of the construction site is provided in Figure 1 with a 500' radius circle
superimposed over it showing the distance to the nearest residence.
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Figure 1 — 500' Radius
03
City Council Staff Report
April 19, 2017 -- Page 4
Request for Early Start Time—WWTP Upgrade, CP15-14
PUBLIC NOTICE:
On April 6, 2017 staff reached out to the Demuth Park, Tahquitz Creek Golf, Melody
Ranch, Los Compadres and Little Beverly Hills neighborhood organization
representatives and their alternates informing of this request and presentation of this
staff report to the City Council meeting and have not received any opposition.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
On June 18, 2014, the City Council, acting as the lead agency in accordance with the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and pursuant to Section 15074 of the
CEQA Guidelines, reviewed, approved, and ordered the filing of a Mitigated Negative
Declaration ("MND") for the construction of several new replacement facilities at the
City's Wastewater Treatment Plant facility, including: influent sewer, headworks,
septage receiving station, influent pump station, primary clarifiers, scum pump station,
primary sludge pump station, primary sludge de-gritting, gravity thickener cover,
Digester No. 2 cover, foul air treatment facility, new electrical building, and lighting
system. These projects, bundled together, have been identified as the City of Palm
Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade, City Project No. 15-14. A Notice of
Determination ("NOD") for the Project was subsequently filed with the Riverside County
Clerk on June 25, 2014.
FISCAL IMPACT:
None.
SUBMITTED:
r
Marcus L. Full r, MP , P.E., P.L.S. David H. Ready, E D
Assistant City Manager/City Engineer City Manager
Attachment:
1. Request from WM Lyles
04
Attachment 1
05
W.M. Lyles Co.
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI) # 015R
City of Palm Springs/Veolia Water
West Operating Services, Inc.
4375 E Mesquite Ave,
To: Palm Springs, CA 92664 Project: Headworks & Clarifier Upgrades
Attn: James Hestad
From: Ivette Ayon Date: 04/04/2017
Subject: Construction Work Hours
Drawings: Not Applicable Spec: 00800
INFORMATION IS REQUESTED AS FOLLOWS:
Specification 00800, Article 1, Section 80, states normal working hours to be 7:00 AM to 4:00 PM, Monday
through Friday. WM Lyles Co. would like to request to change the start times to 6:00 AM for the month of
April, Plant Operators are currently starting work at 6:00 AM and there is enough daylight to safely start work
operations at this time.
For the summer months, May—September, we would like to request to start work hours at 5:30 AM.
Summer temperatures in the Coachella Valley average at over 100 degree Fahrenheit, for safety concerns it
is essential that we have an early start time to prevent any type of heat illness. Heat illness can be a matter
of life and death. Workers die from heat strokes every summer and every death can be preventable.
W M Lyles Co. foresees the possibility that a maximum of ten pours for the Primary Clarifiers slab sections
may require start times as early as 4:00 AM, depending on forecast weather conditions and temperatures.
Start times of earlier than 5:30 AM will only be used for these pours if absolutely necessary.
Construction work hours for the fall &winter months will return to a start time of 6:30am.
Response:
06
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Heat Illness Prevention - Title 8 Section 3395 Page I of 4
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CaVOSHA e-rools Heat Illness Prevention Preventing and Responding to Heat Illness
Espanol
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-_ Illnessfi I I
SIMtl
Home I Site Map I In the Real World I What is Heat Illness? i What Causes Heat Illness?
Preventing and Responding to Heat Illness i Resources
Preventing and Responding Quick Links
to Heat Illness - Regulations
• Employer Sample
Elements of Your Written Program and Procedures
Effective Work Practices
WORK SEVERITY AND DURATION
What is in T8CCR 3395?
T8CCR 3395(b) Definitions states the following:
"Environmental risk factors for heat illness" means working conditions that create the possibility that
heat illness could occur, including air temperature, relative humidity, radiant heat from the sun and
other sources, conductive heat sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity and
duration, protective clothing and personal protective equipment worn by employees.
T8CCR 3395(h)Training states the following:
(1) Employee training. Effective training in the following topics shall be provided to each supervisory
and non-supervisory employee before the employee begins work that should reasonably be anticipated
to result in exposure to the risk of heat illness:
(A) The environmental and personal risk factors for heat illness, as well as the added burden of heat
load on the body caused by exertion, clothing, and personal protective equipment.
Guidance, Best Practices and Warnings
In order to prevent heat illness it is important to allow the body to cool down. By stopping physical work
activities and replacing them with rest the body cools down. Providing cooling allows the body's internal
temperature to come closer to the "normal range" (i.e.. within a very narrow temperature range above
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Heat Illness Prevention - Title 8 Section 3395 Page 2 of 4
or below 98.6 -:F). Also, as the body cools heart rate and respiration slow down. The body cools during
resting by:
• drinking water(see Sufficient Amounts of Drinking Water)and
• resting in adequate shade or using alternative measures which have been demonstrated to be
equally effective (see Shade and Other Cooling Measures)
A rest break is not the same as a preventative cool down rest period (CDRP). Cal/OSHA requires that
employees be given a CDRP if they are suffering from heat illness, or believe they need a CDRP (see
Cool Down Rest Periods). Regular rest breaks help cool the body to eliminate the need for a CDRP.
They involve alternating normal work activities with regularly scheduled rest breaks.
®EST PRACTICES
Work Severity and Duration Adjustments
In warm or hot weather and during high heat or a heat wave try to:
• Schedule slower paced, less physically demanding work during the hot parts of the day and the
heaviest work activities during the cooler parts of the day(early-morning or evening) .
• Split-up work shifts to avoid work during the hottest part of the day.
• Start the work shift even earlier in the day or later in the evening
• Avoid over time work and double shifts.
• Postpone non-essential work to be done until a later time when it is cooler.
• Rotate employees through less physically demanding jobs
• Add extra personnel to reduce exposure time for each employee.
• Cut work shifts short or stop work altogether
Be aware that In spite of these measures heat illness can still develop.
A WARNING
In addition to making work severity and duration adjustments, during high heat or a heat wave it may
be necessary to take additional measures to prevent Heat Illness (see Extra Measures During High
Heat; see Acclimatization).
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Heat Illness Prevention- Title 8 Section 3395 Page 3 of 4
I
I
BEST PRACTICES
Rest Breaks
The judgment and experience of supervisors or other designated person(s)who are at the worksite is
ital when scheduling regular rest breaks. The timing, frequency, and length of these breaks needs to
be based on:
• The temperatures and other risk factors present at the worksite at any given time throughout the
workday
• Careful observation of employees behavior and physical condition
Remember, healthy employees are far more productive throughout the work shift and are also much
less likely to develop heat illness or become injured. Ensure that your employees take their regularly
scheduled breaks (and frequently drink sufficient amounts of water). It is important to:
• Train employees and supervisors to understand the importance of taking work rest cycles
• Use a 'buddy system"to have supervisors and fellow employees watch each other closely at all
times
ii
• Recognize employees who have reduced work capacities because of personal risk factors and
may need more flexible or additional work-rest cycles
• Provide more frequent breaks for employees performing tasks requiring constant attention (e.g.,
equipment operators)or wearing PPE
• Use portable structures(or other portable alternative cooling measures) for mobile crews. These
measures can provide cooling during breaks for mobile crews as they change their work
locations
• Provide areas for employees to take their breaks which are:
• Readily accessible
Open to the air and ventilated or cooled, or in shaded areas
• Near sufficient supplies of drinking water
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California Code of Regulations,Title 8,section 3395 Heat Illness Prevention. Page l of 4
This information is provided free of charge by the Department of Industrial Relations from its web site at wises dir ca.nov.These regulabons are for
the convenience of the user and no representation or warranty is made that the Information is current or accurate.See too disclaimer at
hair itworwd'rcaoov'od oubldisclaimermml
Suhchapter7.General Industry Safety Orders
Group 2.Safe Practices and Personal Protection
Article 10.Pendent Safety Devices and Safeguards
Return to index
ew fluerv
____.__.
13395.[teat Illness Prevention
Heat Illness In
(a)Scope and App]ication.
(1)This standard applies to all outdoor places of employment
EXCEPTION: [fan industry is not listed in subsection(a)(2),employers in that industry are not required to comply with subsection(e),High-
heat procedures.
(2)List of industries subject to all provisions of this standard,including subsection(a):
(A)Agriculture
(B)Construction
(C)Landscaping
(D)Oil and gas extraction
(E)Transportation or delivery of agricultural products,construction materials or other heavy materials(e.g.furniture,lumber,freight,
cargo,cabinets,industrial or commercial materials),except for employment that consists df operating an air-conditioned vehicle and does
not include loading or unloading.
(3)This section applies to the control ofrisk of occurrence of heat illness.This is not intended to exclude the application of other sections
of Title 8,including,but not necessarily limited to,sections 1512, 1524,3203,3363,3400,3439,3457,6251,6512,6969,6975,8420
and 8602(e).
NOTE NO, 1:The measures required here may be integrated into the employers written Injury and Illness Program required by section 3203,
or maintained in a separate document.
NOTE NO.2:This standard is enforceable by the Division of Occupational Safety and Health pursuant to Labor Code sections 6308 and 6317
and any other statutes conferring enforcement powers upon the Division.It is a violation of Labor Code sections 6310,6311,and 6312 to
discharge or discriminate in my other manner against employees for exercising their rights under this or any other provision offering
occupational safety and health protection to employees.
(b)Definitions.
"Acclimatization"means temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that occurs gradually when a person is exposed to it.
Acclimatization peaks in most people within four to fourteen days orregutar work for at least two hours per day in the beat.
"Heat Illness"means a serious medical condition resulting from the body's inability to cope with a particular heat load,and includes heat
cramps,heat exhaustion,heat syncope and heat stroke.
"Environmental risk factors for heat illness"means working conditions that create the possibility that heat illness could occur,including air
temperature,relative humidity,radiant heat from the sun and other sources,conductive heat sources such as the ground,air movement,
workload severity and duration,protective clothing and personal protective equipment wom by employees.
"Landscaping"means providing landscape care and maintenance services and/or installing trees,shrubs,plants,lawns,or gardens,or
providing these services in conjunction with the design of landscape plans and/or the construction(i.e.,installation)of walkways,retaining
walls,decks,fences,ponds,and similar structures,except for employvnem by an employer who operates a fixed establislmnent where the work
is to be performed and where drinking water is plumbed.
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California Code of Regulations,Title 8,section 3395 Heat Illness Prevention. Page 2 of 4
"Oil and gas extraction"means operating and/or developing oil and gas field properties,exploring for crude petroleum or natural gas,mining
or extracting of oil or gas or recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil or gas field gases.
"Personal risk factors for heal illness"means factors such as an individuars age,degree of acclimatization,health,water consumption,alcohol
consumption,caffeine consumption,and use of prescription medications that affect the body's water retention or other physiological responses
to heat.
"Shade"meatis blockage of direct sunlight.One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do not cast a shadow in the area of
blocked sunlight.Shade is not adequate when heat in the area of shade defeats the purpose of shade,which is to allow(he body to cool.For
example,a car sitting in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it,unless the car is running with air conditioning.Shade
may be provided by any natural or artificial means that does not expose employees to unsafe or unhealthy conditions mid that does not deter or
discourage access or use-
"Temperature"means the dry bulb temperature in degrees Fahrenheit obtainable by using a themionieter to measure the outdoor temperature
in an area where(here is no shade.While the temperature measurement must be taken in an area with fall,sunlight,the bulb or sensor of the
thermometer should be shielded while taking the measurement,e.g.,with the hand or some other object,from direct contact by sunlight.
(c)Provision of water.Employees shall have access to potable drinking water meeting the requirements of Sections 1524,3363,and 3457,as
applicable,including but not limited to the requirements that it be fresh,pure,suitably cool,and provided to employees free orcharge.The
water shall be located as close as practicable to the area where employees are working.Where drinking water is not plumbed or otherwise
continuously supplied,it shall be provided in sufficient quantity at the beginning of the work shift to provide One quart per employee per hour
for drinking for the entire shift.Employers may begin the shift with smaller quantities of water if they have effective procedures for
replenishment during the shift as needed to allow employees to drink one quart or more per hour.The frequent drinking of water,as described
in subsection(h)(1)(C),shall be encouraged.
(it)Access to shade.
(1)Shade shall be present when the temperature exceeds 80 degrees Fahrenheit.When the outdoor temperature in the work area exceeds
80 degrees Fahrenheit,the employer shall have and maintain one or more area with shade at all times while employees are present that
are either open to the air or provided with ventilation or cooling.The amount of shade present shut)be at least enough to accommodate
the number of employees on recovery or rest periods,so that they can sit in a normal posture fully in the shade without having to be in
physical contact with each other.The shade shall be located as close as practicable to the areas where employees are working.Subject to
time smile specifications,the amount of shade present during meal periods shall be at least enough to accommodate the number of
employees on the meal period who remain ensile.
(2)Shade shall be mailable when the temperature does not exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit.When the outdoor temperature in the work area
does not exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit employers shall either provide shade as per subsection(d)(1)or provide timely access to shade
upon an employee's request.
(3)Employees shall be allowed and encouraged to take a preventative cool-down rest in the shade+%hen they feel the need to do so to
protect themselves from overheating.Such access to shade shall be pennitted at all limes.An individual employee who takes a
preventative cool-down rest(A)shall be monitored and asked if he or she is experiencing symptoms of heat illness;(D)shall be
encouraged to remain in the shade;and(C)shall not be ordered back to work until any signs or symptoms of heat illness have abated,but
in no event less than 5 minutes in addition to the time needed to access the shade.
(4)If an employee exhibits signs or reports symptoms of heal illness while taking a preventative cool-down rest or during a preventative
cool-down rest period,the employer shall provide appropriate first aid or emergency response according to subsection(f)of this section.
Exceptions to subsections(d)(1)and(d)(2):
(1)Where the employer can demonstrate that it is infeasible or unsafe to have a shade structure,or otherwise to have shade present on a
continuous basis,the employer may utilize alternative procedures for providing access to shade if the alternative procedures provide
equivalent protection.
(2)Except for employers in the agricultural industry,cooling measures other than shade(c.g.,use of misting machines)may be provided
in lieu of shade if the employer can demonstrate that these measures are at least as effective its shade in allowing employees(o cool.
(e)High-heat procedures.The employer shall implement high-heat procedures when the temperature equals or exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
These procedures shall include the followwfimg to the extent practicable-
(])Ensuring that clfcetive communication by voice,observation,or electronic means is maintained so that employees at the work site
can contact a supervisor when necessary.An electronic device,such as a cell phone or text messaging device,may be used for this
purpose Only if reception in the area is reliable.
(2)Observing employees for alertness and signs or symptoms of heat illness,The employer shall ensure effective employee
observa(ion/nnonitoring by implementing one or more of the following:
(A)Supervisor or designee observation of20 or fewer employees,or
(H)Mandatory buddy system,or
(C)Regular communication with sole employee such as by radio or cellular phone,or
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(D)Other effective means ofobservation.
(3)Designating one or more employees on each worksite as authorized to call for emergency medical services,and allowing other
employees to call for emergency services when no designated employee is available.
(4)Reminding employees throughout the work shift to drink plenty of water.
(5)Pre-shift meetings before the commencement ofwork to review the high heat procedures,encourage employees to drink plenty of
water,and remind employees of their right to take a coobdow i rest when necessary.
(6)For employees employed in agriculture,the following shall also apply:
When temperatures reach 95 degrees or above,the employer shall ensure that the employee takes a minimum ten minute net preventative
cool-down rest period every two hours.The preventative cool-down rest period required by this paragraph may be provided concurrently with
any other meal or rest period required by Industrial Welfare Commission Order No. 14(8 CCR 11140)if the timing of the preventative cool-
down rest period coincides with a required meal or rest period thus resulting in no additional preventative cool-dawn rest period required in at
eight hour workday.If the workday will extend beyond eight hours,then an additional preventative cool-down rest period will be required at
the conclusion of the eighth hour of work:and if the workday extends beyond ten hours,then another preventative cool-down rest period will
be required at the conclusion of the tenth hour and so on.For purposes of this section,preventative cool-dmiw rest period has The same
meaning as"recovery period"at Labor Code Section 226.7(a).
(0 Emergency Response Procedures.The Employer shall implement effective emergency response procedures including:
(1)Ensuring that effective communication by voice,observation,or electronic means is maintained so that employees at the work site
can contact a supervisor or emergency medical services when necessary.An electronic device,Stich as a cell phone or text messaging
device,may be used for this purpose only if reception in the area is reliable.If an electronic device will not furnish reliable
communication in the work area,the employer will ensure a means of summoning emergency medical services,
(2)Responding to signs and symptoms of possible heat illness,including but not limited to firsi aid measures and how emergency
medical services will be provided,
(A)If a supervisor observes,or any employee reports,any signs or symptoms of heat illness in any employee,the supervisor shall lake
immediate action commensurate with the severity of the illness.
(B)If the signs or symptoms are indicators of severe heat illness(such as,but not limited to,decreased level of consciousness,
staggering,vomiting,disorientation,irrational behavior or convulsions),the employer must implement emergency response procedures.
(C)An employee exhibiting signs or symptoms of heat illness shall be monitored and shall not be left alone or sent home without being
offered onsite rust aid and/or being provided with emergency medical services at accordance with the employers procedures.
(3)Contacting emergency medical services and,if necessary,transporting employees to a place where they can be reached by an
emergency medical provider.
(4)Ensuring that,in the event of an emergency,clear and precise directions to the work site can and will be provided as needed to
emergency responders.
(g)Acclimatization.
(1)All employees shall be closely observed by a sulxrvisor or designee during a heat wave.For purposes of this section only,"heat
wave"means any day in which the predicted high temperature for the day will be at least 80 degrees Fahrenheit and at least ten degrees
Fahrenheit higher than the average high daily temperature in the preceding five days,
(2)An employee who has been newly assigned to a high heat area shall be closely observed by a supervisor or designee for the first 14
days of the employee's employment
(h)I raining,
(I)Employee training.Effective training in the following topics shall be provided to each supervisory and non-supervisory employee
before the employee begins work that should reasonably be anticipated to result in exposure to the risk of heat illness:
(A)The environmental and personal risk factors for heal illness,as well as the added burden of heat load on the body caused by exertion,
clothing,and personal protective equipment.
(B)The employer's procedures for complying with The requirements of this standard,including,but not limited to,the employees
responsibility to provide water,shade,cool-down rests,and access to first aid as well as the employees right to exercise their rights tinder
this standard without retaliation.
(C)The importance of frequent consumption of small quantities of water,up To 4 cups per hour,when the work environment is hot and
employees we likely to be sweating more titan usual in the performance of their duties.
(D)The concept,importance,and methods of acclimatization pursuant to the employer's procedures under subsection(i)(4).
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California Code of Regulations, Title 8,section 3395 Heat Illness Prevention. Page 4 of 4
(E)The different types of heat illness,the common signs and symptoms of heat illness,mid appropriate first aid and/or emergency
responses to the different types of heat illness,and in addition,that heat illness may progress quickly from mild symptoms and signs to
serious mid life threatening illness.
(F)The importance to employees of inunediately reporting to the employer,directly or through the employee's supervisor,symptoms or
signs of heal illness in themselves,or in co-workers.
(G)The employer's procedures for responding to signs or symptoms of possible heat illness,including haw emergency medical services
will be provided should they become necessary.
(H)The employers procedures for contacting emergency medical services,and if necessary,for transporting employees to a point where
they can be reached by an emergency medical service provider.
0)The employer's procedures for ensuring that,in the event of an emergency,clear and precise directions to the work site can and will be
provided m needed to emergency responders.These procedures shall include designating a person to be available to ensure that
emergency procedures are invoked when appropriate.
(2)Supervisor training.Prior to supervising employees performing work that should reasonably be anticipated to result in exposure to the
risk of heat illness effective training on the following topics shall be provided to the supervisor:
(A)The information required to be provided by section(h)(I)above.
(R)The procedures the supervisor is to follow to implement the applicable provisions in this section.
(C)The procedures the supervisor is to follow when an employee exhibits signs or reports symptoms consistent with possible heat illness, '..
including emergency response procedures.
(D)How to monitor weather reports mid how to respond to hot weather advisories.
(i)Heat Illness Prevention Plan.The employer shall establish,implement,and maintain,an effective heat illness prevention plan.The plan
shall be in writing in both English and the language understood by the majority of the employees and shall be made available at the worksite
to employees and to representatives of the Division upon request The Heat Illness Prevention Plan may be included as part of the employers
Illness and Injury Prevention Program required by section 3203,mid shall,at a minimum,contain:
(1)Procedures for the provision of water mid access to shade.
(2)The high heat procedures referred to in subsection(e).
(3)Emergency Response Procedures in accordance with subsection(f).
(4)Acclimatization methods mid procedures in accordance with subsection(g).
Note:Authority cited:Section 142.3,Labor Code. Reference:Section 142.3,Labor Code,
HISTORY
1.New section filed 8-22-2005 as an emergency;operative 8-22-2005(Register 2005,No.34).A Certificate of Compliance must be
transmitted to CAL by 12.20-2005 or emergency language will be repealed by operation oflnw,on the following day.
2.New section refiled 12-20-2005 as an emergency;operative 12-20-2005(Register 2005,No.51).A Certificate of Compliance must be
transmitted to DAL by 4-19-2006 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
3.New section refiled 4-19-2006 as an emergency;operative 4.19.2006(Register 2006,No. 16),A Certificate OfCompliancc must be
transmitted to OAL by 8-17-2006 or energency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
4.Certificate of Compliance as to 4-19.2006 order,including amendment of section heading and section,transmitted to CAL 6-16-2006 and
filed 7-27-2006(Register 2006,No,30).
5.Amendment filed 10-5-2010;operative 11-4-2010(Register 2010,No.41).
6.Amendment filed 4-3-2015;operative 5-1-2015 parsuanl to Government Code section 11343A(b)(3)(Register 2015,No. 14).
:46o[lack to Article 10 Table of Contents
14
https://www.dir.ca.gov/titte8/3395.htiul 4/4/2017
SECTION 03300
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
PART1 GENERAL
1.01 SUMMARY
A. Section includes: Cast-in-place concrete.
B. Related sections:
1. The Contract Documents are complementary; what is called for by one is as
binding as if called for by all.
2. It is contractor's responsibility for scheduling and coordinating the Work of
subcontractors, suppliers, and other individuals or entities performing or
furnishing any of Contractor's Work.
3. The following Sections are related to the Work described in this Section. This
list of Related Sections is provided for convenience only and is not intended to
excuse or otherwise diminish the duty of contractor to see that the completed
Work complies accurately with the Contract Documents.
a. Section 03071 - Epoxies.
b. Section 03150 - Concrete Accessories.
c. Section 03366 -Tooled Concrete Finishes.
d. Section 03600 - Grouting.
e. Section 03931 - Epoxy Injection System.
f. Section 07900 - Joint Sealants.
1.02 REFERENCES
A. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
1. 305 - Hot Weather Concreting Standard.
2. 306 - Cold Weather Concreting Standard.
3. 318 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.
4. 350 - Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
and Commentary.
5. Manual of Concrete Practice.
B. ASTM International (ASTM):
1. C 31 -Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in
the Field.
2. C 33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
3. C 39 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens.
4. C 40 -Standard Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for
Concrete.
5. C 42 - Standard Test Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and
Sawed Beams of Concrete.
6. C 88 - Standard Test Method of Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium
Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate.
7. C 94 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
8. C 114 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement.
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9. C 117- Standard Test Method for Materials Finer that 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in
Mineral Aggregates by Washing.
10. C 123 - Standard Test Method for Lightweight Particles in Aggregate.
11. C 131 -Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size
Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine.
12. C 136 -Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates.
13. C 142 -Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
Aggregate.
14. C 143 -Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete.
15. C 150 -Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
16. C 156 - Standard Test Method for Water Loss [from a Mortar Specimen]
Through Liquid Membrane-Forming Curing Compounds for Concrete.
17. C 157 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-
Cement Mortar and Concrete.
18. C 171 - Standard Specifications for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete.
19. C 172 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete.
20. C 173 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by
the Volumetric Method.
21. C 260 - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
22. C 289 - Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
Aggregates (Chemical Method).
23. C 295 - Standard Guide to Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for
Concrete.
24. C 309- Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for
Curing Concrete.
25. C 311 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural
Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete.
26. C 494-Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
27. C 618 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.
28. C 856 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
Concrete.
29. D 75 - Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.
30. D 2103 -Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting.
1.03 DEFINITIONS
A. Alkali: Sum of sodium oxide and potassium oxide calculated as sodium oxide.
B. Cementitious materials: Portland cement and fly ash.
C. Cold weather: A period when for more than 3 consecutive days, the average daily
outdoor temperature drops below 40 degrees F. The average daily temperature is
the average of the highest and lowest temperatures during the period from midnight
to midnight. When temperatures above 50 degrees F occur during more than half of
any 24-hour duration, the period shall no longer be regarded as cold weather.
D. Cold weather concreting: Operations for placing, finishing, curing, and protection of
concrete during cold weather.
E. Green concrete: Concrete with less than 100 percent of the specified strength.
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F. Hairline crack: Crack with a crack width of less than 4 thousandths of an inch.
G. Hot weather: A period when project conditions such as low humidity, high
temperature, solar radiation, and high winds, promote rapid drying of freshly placed
concrete.
H. Hot weather concreting: Operations for placing, finishing, curing, and protection of
concrete during hot weather.
1.04 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A. Performance requirements:
1. General:
a. Except as otherwise specified, provide concrete composed of portland
cement, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, admixtures and water
so proportioned and mixed as to produce plastic, workable mixture in
accordance with requirements as specified in this Section and suitable to
specific conditions of placement.
b. Proportion materials in a manner that will secure lowest water-
cementitious materials ratio that is consistent with good workability, plastic
and cohesive mixture, and a mixture that is within specified slump range.
c. Proportion fine and coarse aggregates in manner such as not to produce
harshness in placing or honeycombing.
2. It is the intent of this Section to secure for every part of the Work concrete with
homogeneous mixture, which when hardened will have required strength,
watertightness, and durability:
a. It is recognized that some surface hairline cracks and crazing will develop
in the concrete surfaces.
b. Construction and expansion joints have been specified and positioned in
structures as indicated on the Drawings, and curing methods specified, for
purpose of reducing number and size of cracks, due to normal expansion
and contraction expected from specified concrete mixes.
c. Repair cracks that develop in walls or slabs and repair cracks that show
any signs of leakage until all leakage is stopped.
d. Pressure inject visible cracks, other than hairline cracks and crazing, in
following areas with epoxy as specified in Section 03931:
1) Floors and walls of water bearing structures.
2) Walls and overhead slabs of passageways or occupied spaces,
outsides of which are exposed to weather or may be washed down
and are not specified to receive separate waterproof membrane.
3) Other items not specified to receive separate waterproof membrane:
Slabs over water channels, wet wells, reservoirs, and other similar
surfaces.
e. Walls or slabs, as specified above, that leak or sweat because of porosity
or cracks too small for successful pressure injection with epoxy: Seal on
water or weather side by coatings of surface sealant system, as specified
in this Section.
f. Pressure injection and sealing: Continue as specified above until structure
is watertight and remains watertight for not less than 1 year after final
acceptance or date of final repair, whichever occurs later in time.
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3. Workmanship and methods: Provide concrete work, including detailing of
reinforcing, conforming with best standard practices and as set forth in
ACI 318, ACI 350, Manual of Concrete Practice, and recommended practices.
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. Cement mill tests: Include alkali content, representative of each shipment of cement
for verification of compliance with specified requirements.
B. Cold weather concreting:
1. Procedures for the production, transportation, placement, protection, curing,
and temperature monitoring for concrete during cold weather.
2. Procedures to be implemented upon abrupt changes in weather conditions or
equipment failures.
C. Concrete mixes: Full details, including mix design calculations for concrete mixes
proposed for use for each class of concrete:
1. Include information on correction of batching for varying moisture contents of
fine aggregate.
2. Source quality test records with mix design submittal:
a. Include calculations for required compressive strength (fc,) based on
source quality test records.
D. Concrete aggregate tests: Certified copies in triplicate of commercial laboratory
tests not more than 90 days old of all samples of concrete aggregates:
1. Coarse aggregate:
a. Abrasion loss.
b. Clay lumps and friable particles.
c. Coal and lignite.
d. Materials finer than 200 sieve.
e. Reactivity.
f. Shale and chert.
g. Soundness.
2. Fine aggregate:
a. Clay lumps.
b. Color.
c. Decantation.
d. Reactivity.
e. Shale and chert.
f. Soundness.
E. Drying shrinkage test data.
F. Fine or coarse aggregate batched from more than 1 bin: Analyses for each bin, and
composite analysis made up from these, using proportions of materials to be used
in mix.
G. Fly ash Certificate of Compliance: Identify source of fly ash and certify compliance
in accordance with ASTM C 618.
H. For conditions that promote rapid drying of freshly placed concrete such as low
humidity, high temperature, and wind: Corrective measures for use prior to placing
concrete.
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I. Hot weather concreting: Procedures for production, placement, finishing, curing,
protection, and temperature monitoring for concrete during hot weather and
appropriate corrective measures.
J. Heating equipment for cold weather concreting: Information on type of equipment
used for heating materials and new concrete in process of curing during excessively
cold weather.
K. Information on mixing equipment.
L. Product data: Submit data completely describing products.
M. Sequence of concrete placing: Submit proposed sequence of placing concrete
showing proposed beginning and ending of individual placements.
N. Sieve analysis: Submit sieve analyses of fine and coarse aggregates being used in
triplicate at least every 3 weeks and at any time there is significant change in
grading of materials.
O. Trial batch test data:
1. Submit data for each test cylinder.
2. Submit data that identifies mix and slump for each test cylinder.
P. Weather monitoring: Records of:
1. Relative humidity.
2. Site ambient temperature.
3. Wind speed.
Q. Temperature of freshly placed concrete.
1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Packing and shipping:
1. Deliver, store, and handle concrete materials in manner that prevents damage
and inclusion of foreign substances.
2. Deliver and store packaged materials in original containers until ready for use.
3. Deliver aggregate to mixing site and handle in such manner that variations in
moisture content will not interfere with steady production of concrete of
specified degree of uniformity and slump.
B. Acceptance at site: Reject material containers or materials showing evidence of
water or other damage.
1.07 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Environmental requirements:
1. Monitoring weather conditions:
a. Install an outdoor weather station capable of measuring and recording
ambient temperature, wind speed, and humidity. Furnish instruments
accurate to within 2 degrees F, 5 percent relative humidity, and 1 mile per
hour wind speed.
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b. Measure and record temperature of fresh concrete. Furnish and use
sufficient number of maximum and minimum self-recording thermometers
to adequately measure temperature of concrete.
c. Monitor and keep records of the weather forecast starting at least 48
hours prior to placing concrete in order to allow enough time for taking
appropriate measures pertaining to Hot or Cold weather concreting.
2. Hot weather concreting:
a. Initiate evaporation control measures when concrete and air
temperatures, relative humidity of the air, and the wind velocity have the
capacity to evaporate water from a free surface at a rate that is equal to or
greater than 0.2 pounds per square feet per hour. Determine evaporation
rate using the Menzel Formula and monograph in ACI 305 3.1.3.
b. When ambient air temperature is above 85 degrees F: Prior to placing
concrete, cool forms and reinforcing steel by water cooling to below
90 degrees F.
c. Monitor weather conditions at the site including air temperature, humidity,
and wind speed, to assess the need for evaporation control measures
begin monitoring site conditions no later than 1 hour before the start of
concrete placement. Continue to monitor site conditions at intervals of
30 minutes until concrete curing has begun.
d. Temperature of concrete mix at time of placement: Keep temperature
below 90 degrees F by methods that do not impair quality of concrete.
e. For conditions that promote rapid drying of freshly placed concrete such
as low humidity, high temperature, and wind: Take corrective measures to
minimize rapid water loss from concrete:
f. Furnish and use sufficient number of maximum and minimum
self-recording thermometers to adequately measure temperature around
concrete.
3. Cold weather concreting:
a. Concrete placed below ambient air temperature of 45 degrees F and
falling or below 40 degrees F:
1) Make provision for heating water.
b. Follow recommendations of ACI 306 for preparation, placement, and
protection of concrete during cold weather.
c. If materials have been exposed to freezing temperatures to degree that
any material is below 35 degrees F: Heat such materials.
d. Heating water, cement, or aggregate materials:
1) Do not heat in excess of 160 degrees F.
e. Protection of concrete in forms:
1) Do not remove forms from concrete when outside ambient air
temperature is below 50 degrees F until concrete has attained its
minimum specified compressive strength. Evidence of strength shall
be based on by testing of cylinders stored in the field under
equivalent conditions to those at the concrete structure.
2) Protect by means of covering with tarpaulins, or other acceptable
covering acceptable to Engineer.
3) Provide means for circulating warm moist air around forms in manner
to maintain temperature of 50 degrees F for at least 5 days.
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1.08 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
A. Schedule placing of concrete in such manner as to complete any single placing
operation to construction, or expansion joint.
PART PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
A. Admixtures:
1. General:
a. Do not use admixtures of any type, except as specified, unless written
acceptance has been obtained from engineer.
b. Admixtures shall be compatible with concrete and other admixtures.
Admixtures other than pozzolans shall be the products of a single
manufacture to ensure compatibility.
c. Do not use admixtures containing chlorides calculated as chloride ion in
excess of 0.5 percent by weight of cement.
d. Use in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Add each
admixture to concrete mix separately.
2. Air entraining admixture:
a. Provide concrete with 5 percent, within 1 percent, entrained air of evenly
dispersed air bubbles at time of placement.
b. In accordance with ASTM C 260.
3. Water reducing admixture:
a. May be used at contractor's option.
b. In accordance with ASTM C 494, Type A or Type D.
c. Not contain air-entraining agents.
d. Liquid form before adding to the concrete mix.
e. No decrease in cement is permitted as result of use of water reducing
admixture.
4. Superplasticizers: Are not to be used without acceptance by Engineer.
B. Aggregate:
1. General:
a. Provide concrete aggregates that are sound, uniformly graded, and free of
deleterious material in excess of allowable amounts specified.
b. Grade aggregate in accordance with ASTM C 136 and D 75.
c. Provide unit weight of fine and coarse aggregate that produces in place
concrete with weight of not less than 140 pounds per cubic foot.
d. Do not use aggregate made from recycled materials such as crushed and
screened hydraulic-cement concrete, brick, and other construction
materials.
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2. Fine aggregate:
a. Provide fine aggregate for concrete or mortar consisting of clean, natural
sand or of sand prepared from crushed stone or crushed gravel.
b. Do not provide aggregate having deleterious substances in excess of
following percentages by weight of contaminating substances.
1) In no case shall total exceedpercent listed.
Item Test Method Percent
Removed by decantation ASTM C 117 3
(dirt, silt, etc.)
Shale or Chert ASTM C 123 1
ASTM C 295* 1
Clay Lumps ASTM C 142 1
* Test Method C 123 is used to identify particles in the sample
lighter than 2.40 Specific Gravity. Test Method C 295 is used to
identify which of the lightweight particles are shale or chert. If the
results of Test Method C 123 are less than 1 percent, Test
Method C 295 is not required.
c. Except as otherwise specified, grade fine aggregate from coarse to fine in
accordance with ASTM C 33.
3. Coarse aggregate:
a. Provide coarse aggregate consisting of gravel or crushed stone made up
of clean, hard, durable particles free from calcareous coatings, organic
matter, or other foreign substances.
b. Not exceeding 15 percent by weight, of thin or elongated pieces having
length greater than 5 times average thickness.
c. Deleterious substances: Not in excess of following percentages by weight,
and in no case having total of all deleterious substances exceeding
2 percent.
Item Test Method Percent
Shale or chert ASTM C 123 1.25
ASTM C 295** 1
Coal and lignite ASTM C 123 1/4
Clay lumps and friable particles ASTM C 142 1/4
Materials finer than Number200 ASTM C 117 1/2*
sieve
* Except when material finer than Number 200 sieve consists of
crusher dust, maximum amount shall be 1 percent.
** Test Method C 123 is used to identify particles in the sample lighter
than 2.40 Specific Gravity. Test Method C 295 is used to identify which
of the lightweight particles are shale, chert, coal, or lignite. If the results
of Test Method C 123 are less than 1.25 percent (the minimum
combined percentage of shale, chert, coal and lignite), Test Method
C 295 is not required.
d. Grading:
1) Aggregate for Class A, AA, B, C, and D concrete: In accordance with
ASTM C 33, Size Number 57, except as otherwise specified or
authorized in writing by engineer.
2) Aggregate for Class CE concrete for encasement of electrical
conduits:
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a) Graded in accordance with ASTM C 33, Size Number 8.
C. Concrete sealer:
1. Manufacturers: One of the following or equal:
a. Euclid Chemical Company: Diamond Hard.
b. L&M Construction Chemicals: SealHard.
D. Conduit encasement coloring agent:
1. Color: Red color concrete used for encasement of electrical ducts, conduits,
and similar type items.
2. Manufacturers: One of the following or equal:
a. Davis Company, #100 Utility Red.
b. I. Reiss Company, Inc., equivalent product.
c. Euclid Chemical Company, Increte Division, "Colorcrete Brick Red."
3. Conduit encasement concrete: Mix into each cubic yard of concrete 10 pounds
of coloring agent.
E. Evaporation retardant:
1. Manufacturers: One of the following or equal:
a. BASF, Cleveland, Ohio, Confilm.
b. Euclid Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio, Eucobar.
F. Fly ash:
1. Fly ash in accordance with ASTM C 618, Class F, may be used in concrete
made with Type II portland cement.
2. Maximum of 15 percent by weight of fly ash to total weight of cementitious
materials.
a. The total weight of cementitious materials shall not be less than minimum
cementitious materials listed in Table A.
3. Do not use in concrete made with portland-pozzolan cement.
4. Loss on ignition: Not exceed 4 percent.
G. Keyway material: Steel, plastic, or lumber.
H. Nonslip abrasive:
1. Aluminum oxide abrasive size 8/16, having structure of hard aggregate that is,
homogenous, nonglazing, rustproof, and unaffected by freezing, moisture, or
cleaning compounds.
2. Manufacturers: One of the following or equal:
a. Exolon Company, Tonawanda, New York.
b. Abrasive Materials, Incorporated, Hillsdale, Michigan.
c. "Non-Slip Aggregate", Euclid Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
I. Portland cement:
1. Conform to specifications and tests in accordance with ASTM C 150, Types II
or III, low alkali, except as specified otherwise.
2. Have total alkali containing not more than 0.60 percent.
3. Exposed concrete in any individual structure: Use only one brand of portland
cement.
4. Cement for finishes or repairs: Provide cement from same source and of same
type as concrete to be finished or repaired.
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J. Sheet membrane for curing:
1. Polyethylene film:
a. In accordance with ASTM C 171.
b. Color: White.
c. Thickness: Nominal thickness of polyethylene film shall not be less than
0.0040 inches when measured in accordance with ASTM D 2103.
Thickness of polyethylene film at any point shall not be less than 0.0030
inches.
d. Loss of moisture: Not exceed 0.055 grams per square centimeter of
surface when tested in accordance with ASTM C 156.
K. Sprayed membrane curing compound: Clear type with fugitive dye in accordance
with ASTM C 309, Type 1 D.
L. Surface sealant system: Manufacturers: One of the following or equal:
1. Radcon Laboratories, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada, Formula Number 7.
2. IPA Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Duripal.
M. Water:
1. Water for concrete, Washing Aggregate, and Curing Concrete: Clean and free
from oil and deleterious amounts of alkali, acid, organic matter, or other
substances.
2. Chlorides and sulfate ions:
a. Water for conventional reinforced concrete: Use water containing not
more than 1,000 milligrams per liter of chlorides calculated as chloride ion,
nor more than 1,000 milligrams per liter of sulfates calculated as sulfate
ion.
b. Water for prestressed or post-tensioned concrete: Use water containing
not more than 650 milligrams per liter of chlorides calculated as chloride
ion, or more than 800 milligrams per liter of sulfates calculated as sulfate
ion.
2.02 EQUIPMENT
A. Mixing concrete:
1. Mixers may be of stationary plant, paver, or truck mixer type.
2. Provide adequate equipment and facilities for accurate measurement and
control of materials and for readily changing proportions of material.
3. Mixing equipment:
a. Capable of combining aggregates, cementitious materials, and water
within specified time into thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and
discharging mixture without segregation.
b. Maintain concrete mixing plant and equipment in good working order and
operated at loads, speeds, and timing recommended by manufacturer or
as specified.
c. Proportion cementitious materials and aggregate by weight.
B. Machine mixing:
1. Batch plant shall be capable of controlling delivery of all material to mixer
within 1 percent by weight of individual material.
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2. If bulk cementitious materials are used, weigh them on separate visible scale
that will accurately register scale load at any stage of weighing operation from
zero to full capacity.
3. Prevent cementitious materials from coming into contact with aggregate or
with water until materials are in mixer ready for complete mixing with all mixing
water.
4. Procedure of mixing cementitious materials with sand or with sand and coarse
aggregate for delivery to project site, for final mixing and addition of mixing
water will not be permitted.
5. Retempering of concrete will not be permitted.
6. Discharge entire batch before recharging.
7. Volume of mixed material per batch: Not exceed manufacturer's rated capacity
of mixer.
B. Mixers:
a. Perform mixing in batch mixers of acceptable type.
b. Equip each mixer with device for accurately measuring and indicating
quantity of water entering concrete, and operating mechanism such that
leakage will not occur when valves are closed.
c. Equip each mixer with device for automatically measuring, indicating, and
controlling time required for mixing:
1) Interlock device to prevent discharge of concrete from mixer before
expiration of mixing period.
C. Transit-mixed concrete:
1. Mix and deliver in accordance with ASTM C 94.
2. Total elapsed time between addition of water at batch plant and discharging
completed mix:
a. Not to exceed 90 minutes.
b. Elapsed time at project site shall not exceed 30 minutes.
3. Under conditions contributing to quick setting, total elapsed time permitted
may be reduced by engineer.
4. Equip each truck mixer with device interlocked to prevent discharge of
concrete from drum before required number of turns and furnish device that is
capable of counting number of revolutions of drum.
5. Continuously revolve drum after it is once started until it has completely
discharged its batch:
a. Do not add water until drum has started revolving.
b. Right is reserved to increase required minimum number of revolutions or
to decrease designated maximum number of revolutions allowed, if
necessary, to obtain satisfactory mixing. Contractor will not be entitled to
additional compensation because of such increase or decrease.
D. Other types of mixers: In case of other types of mixers, mixing shall be as follows:
1. Mix concrete until there is uniform distribution of materials, and discharge
mixer completely before recharging.
2. Neither speed nor volume loading of mixer shall exceed manufacturer's
recommendations.
3. Continue mixing for minimum of 1-1/2 minutes after all materials are in drum,
and for batches larger than 1 cubic yard increase minimum mixing time
15 seconds for each additional cubic yard or fraction thereof.
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2.03 MIXES
A. Measurements of materials:
1. Measure materials by weighing, except as otherwise specified or where other
methods are specifically authorized in writing by engineer.
2. Furnish apparatus for weighing aggregates and cementitious materials that is
suitably designed and constructed for this purpose.
3. Accuracy of weighing devices: Furnish devices that have capability of
providing successive quantities of individual material that can be measured to
within 1 percent of desired amount of that material.
4. Measuring or weighing devices: Subject to review by engineer. Shall bear valid
seal of the Sealer of Weights and Measures having jurisdiction.
5. Weighing cementitious materials:
a. Weigh cementitious materials separately.
b. Cement in unbroken standard packages (sacks): Need not be weighed.
c. Weigh bulk cementitious materials and fractional packages.
6. Measure mixing water by volume or by weight.
B. Concrete proportions and consistency:
1. Provide concrete that can be worked readily into corners and angles of forms
and around reinforcement without excessive vibration and without permitting
materials to segregate or free water to collect on surface.
2. Prevent unnecessary or haphazard changes in consistency of concrete.
3. Ratio of coarse aggregate to fine aggregate: Not less than 1.0 or more than
2.0 for all concrete Classes, with exception of Class CE.
4. Aggregate:
a. Obtain aggregate from source that is capable of providing uniform quality,
moisture content, and grading during any single day's operation.
5. Maximum concrete mix water to cementitious materials ratio, minimum
cementitious materials content, and slump range: Conform to values specified
in Table A in this Section.
6. Concrete batch weights: Control and adjust to secure maximum yield. At all
times, maintain proportions of concrete mix within specified limits.
7. Mix modification: If required, by engineer, modify mixture within limits set forth
in this Section.
C. Concrete mixes:
1. Proportioning of concrete mix: Proportion mixes based on required
compressive strength f,,.
2. Mixes:
a. Adjusting of water: After acceptance, do not change mixes without
acceptance by Engineer, except that at all times adjust batching of water
to compensate for free moisture content of fine aggregate.
b. Total water content of each concrete class: Not exceed those specified in
Table A in this Section.
c. Checking moisture content of fine aggregate: Furnish satisfactory means
at batching plant for checking moisture content of fine aggregate.
3. Change in mixes: Submit new mix design and perform new trial batch and test
program as specified in this Section.
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D. Classes of concrete:
1. Provide concrete consisting of 5 classes: Classes A, AA, B, C, D, and CE. Use
where specified or indicated on the Drawings.
2. Weight of concrete classes: Provide classes of concrete having minimum
weight of 140 pounds per cubic foot.
3. Class B concrete: Class B concrete may be substituted for Class A concrete,
when high-early strength concrete is needed in areas specifically accepted by
engineer and that do not require sulfate resistant concrete.
4. Class C concrete: Class C concrete may be used for fill for unauthorized
excavation, for thrust blocks and ground anchors for piping, for bedding of
pipe, and where indicated on the Drawings.
5. Class D concrete: Use Class D for precast concrete items.
6. Class CE concrete: Use Class CE for electrical conduit encasements.
7. All other concrete, unless specified or otherwise indicated on the Drawings:
Use Class A concrete.
TABLE A
Concrete with Air Entrainment
Specified Water-to- Cementitious Materials per Slump
Compressive Strength Cementitious Cubic Yard of Concrete by Range
Class V.at 28 Days(psi) Materials Ratio Weight(pounds) (inches)
A 4,000 0.40 to 0.45 564 to 658 2 to 4
AA 5,000 0.40 to 0.45 Minimum 564 2 to 4
B 4,000 0.40 to 0.45 564 to 658 2 to 4
(Type III
cement)
C 2,500 Maximum 0.62 Minimum 423 3 to 6
D 4,500 0.40 to 0.45 564 to 658 2 to 4
CE 2,500 Maximum 0.62 Minimum 423 3 to 6
8. Pumped concrete: Provide pumped concrete that complies with all
requirements of this Section.
9. Do not place concrete with slump outside limits indicated in Table A.
10. Classes:
a. Classes A, AA, C, D, and CE concrete: Make with Type II low alkali
portland cement.
b. Class B concrete: Make with Type III low alkali portland cement.
c. Admixtures: Provide admixtures as specified in this Section.
E. Air entraining admixture:
1. Add agent to batch in portion of mixing water.
2. Batch solution by means of mechanical batcher capable of accurate
measurement.
2.04 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Tests:
1. Trial batches:
a. After concrete mix designs have been accepted by Engineer, have trial
batches of the accepted Class A, Class AA, Class B, and Class D
concrete mix designs prepared by testing laboratory acceptable to
engineer.
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b. Prepare trial batches using cementitious materials and aggregates
proposed to be used for the Work.
c. Prepare trial batches with sufficient quantity to determine slump,
workability, consistency, setting time, and finishing characteristics, and to
provide sufficient test cylinders.
d. Test cylinders: Provide cylinders having 6-inch diameter by 12-inch length
and that are prepared in accordance with ASTM C 31 for tests specified in
this Section.
e. Determine slump in accordance with ASTM C 143.
f. Test cylinders from trial batch:
1) Test 8 cylinders for compressive strength in accordance with
ASTM C 39:
a) Test 4 cylinders at 7 days and 4 at 28 days.
b) Establish ratio between 7 day and 28-day strength for mix. 7-day
strength may be taken as satisfactory indication of 28-day
strength provided effects on concrete of temperature and
humidity between 7 day and 28 day are taken into account.
2) Average compressive strength of 4 test cylinders tested at 28 days:
Equal to or greater than required average compressive strength (fcr)
on which concrete mix design is based.
g. Drying shrinkage:
1) Prepare 5 drying shrinkage specimens in accordance with
ASTM C 157, except as modified in this Section.
2) Remove drying shrinkage specimens from molds at age of 23 hours
within 1 hour after trial batching; immediately place them in water at
73 degrees F within 3 degrees for at least 30 minutes; then measure
specimens within 30 minutes thereafter to determine original length.
a) Then submerge specimens in saturated limewater at 73 degrees
F within 3 degrees for moist curing.
3) Make measurement to determine expansion expressed as
percentage of original length at age 7 days.
a) Drying shrinkage calculations: use base length at 7-day age.
4) Immediately store specimens in humidity controlled room maintained
at 73 degrees F within 3 degrees and 50 percent within 4 percent
relative humidity for remainder of test.
5) Make and report measurements to determine shrinkage expressed
as percentage of base length separately for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of
drying after 7 days of moist curing.
6) Drying shrinkage deformation:
a) Measure drying shrinkage deformation of each specimen as
difference between base length and length after drying at each
test age.
b) Measure average drying shrinkage deformation of specimens to
nearest 0.0001 inch at each test age.
c) If drying shrinkage of any specimen departs from average of test
age by more than 0.0004 inch, disregard results obtained from
that specimen and test another specimen.
d) Shrinkage of trial batch concrete at 28 days drying age shall not
exceed 0.040 percent maximum.
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h. If trial batch tests do not meet specified requirements for slump, strength,
workability, consistency, drying shrinkage, and finishing, change concrete
mix design proportions and, if necessary, source of aggregate.
1) Perform additional trial batches and tests until an acceptable trial
batch is produced that meets requirements of this Section.
i. Perform test batches and tests required to establish trial batches and
acceptability of materials without change in Contract Price.
j. Do not place concrete until the concrete mix design and trial batch have
been accepted by Engineer.
2. Required average compressive strength:
a. Determine required average compressive strength (for)for selection of
concrete proportions for mix design, for each class of concrete, using
calculated standard deviation for its corresponding specified compressive
strength (f�,) in accordance with ACI 318 and ACI 350.
b. When test records of at least 30 consecutive tests that span period of not
less than 45 calendar days are available, establish standard deviation as
in accordance with ACI 318 and ACI 350 and as modified in this Section.
c. Provide test records from which to calculate standard deviation that
represent materials, quality control procedures, and conditions similar to
materials, quality control procedures, and conditions expected to apply in
preparation of concrete for the Work.
d. Provide test records with materials and proportions that are more
restricted than those for the Work.
e. Specified compressive strength (f.) of concrete used in test records:
Within 1,000 psi of that specified for the Work.
f. When lacking adequate test records for calculation of standard deviation
meeting requirements, determine required average compressive strength
fcr from following Table B.
TABLE B
Required Average Compression Strength
Specified Compressive Required Average Compressive
Strength f.(psi) Strength fcr (psi)
Less than 3,000 fc + 1,000
3,000 to 5,000 f, + 1,200
Over 5,000 1.10f, + 700
3. Aggregate:
a. Testing of concrete aggregate is at Contractor's expense.
b. If there is change in aggregate source or if there is a significant change in
aggregate quality or sieve analysis from same source, submit new set of
design mixes covering each class of concrete and prepare new trial
batches before further placing of concrete.
c. Sieves: Use sieves with square openings for testing grading of
aggregates.
d. Sample aggregate in accordance with ASTM C 136 and D 75.
e. Fine aggregate:
1) Provide fine aggregate that does not contain strong alkali nor organic
matter that gives color darker than standard color when tested in
accordance with ASTM C 40.
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2) Provide aggregate having soundness in accordance with ASTM C 33
when tested in accordance with ASTM C 88.
3) Provide aggregate complying with reactivity requirements in
accordance with ASTM C 33 when tested in accordance with
ASTM C 289.
f. Coarse aggregate:
1) Soundness when tested in accordance with ASTM C 88: Have loss
not greater than 10 percent when tested with sodium sulfate.
2) Abrasion Loss: Not exceed 45 percent after 500 revolutions when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 131.
3) Reactivity: Not exceed limits specified in Appendix of ASTM C 33
when tested in accordance with ASTM C 289.
4) Fly ash:
a) Sampling and testing: Sample and test fly ash in accordance
with ASTM C 311.
5) Portland cement:
a) Determination of alkali content: In accordance with
ASTM C 114.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 INSTALLATION
A. Liquid evaporation retardant:
1. Under conditions that result in rapid evaporation of moisture from the surface
of the concrete, immediately after the concrete has been screeded, coat the
surface of the concrete with a liquid evaporation retardant.
2. Apply the evaporation retardant again after each work operation as necessary
to prevent drying shrinkage cracks.
3. Conditions which result in rapid evaporation of moisture may include one or
more of the following:
a. Low humidity.
b. Windy conditions.
c. High temperature.
B. Surface sealant system:
1. Apply as recommended by manufacturer published instructions.
2. Where concrete continues to sweat or leak, apply additional coats of surface
sealant until the sweating or leaks stop.
C. Joints and bonding:
1. As far as practicable construct concrete work as monolith.
2. Locations of construction, expansion, and otherjoints are indicated on the
Drawings or as specified in this Section.
3. Time between placement of adjacent concrete separated by joints:
a. Provide not less than 3 days (72 hours) between placement of adjacent
sections for the following, unless otherwise specified:
1) Slabs.
2) Walls.
b. Provide not less than 7 days (168 hours) between placement of upper and
lower pours for the following, unless otherwise specified:
1) Walls over slabs.
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2) Slabs over walls.
3) Slabs keyed into the sides of walls.
c. For the following structures, provide not less than 14 days between
placements of concrete in adjacent concrete wall placements. Place
concrete for slabs in checkerboard pattern with not less than 14 days
between placements of concrete in adjacent concrete slab placements.
1) Primary Clarifier.
2) Headworks.
3) Influent Pump Station.
4. Construction joints:
a. Where construction joints are not indicated on the Drawings, provide
construction joints in slabs and walls at intervals not greater than 35 feet.
b. In order to preserve strength and watertightness of structures, make no
other joints, except as authorized engineer.
c. At construction joints, thoroughly clean concrete of laitance, grease, oil,
mud, dirt, curing compounds, mortar droppings, or other objectionable
matter by means of heavy sandblasting.
d. Cleaning of construction joints:
1) Wash construction joints free of sawdust, chips, and other debris
after forms are built and immediately before concrete or grout
placement.
2) Should formwork confine sawdust, chips, or other loose matter in
such manner that it is impossible to remove them by flushing with
water, use vacuum cleaner for their removal, after which flush
cleaned surfaces with water.
3) Provide cleanout hole at base of each wall and column for inspection
and cleaning.
e. At horizontal joints: As initial placement over cold joints, thoroughly spread
bed of cement grout as specified in Section 03600 (with a thickness of not
less than 1/2 inch nor more than 1 inch.
5. Keyways in joints:
a. Provide keyways in joints as indicated on the Drawings.
b. Treat lumber keyway material with form release coating, applied in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
6. Take special care to ensure that concrete is well consolidated around and
against waterstops and waterstops are secured in proper position.
7. Construction and expansion Joints:
a. Constructed where and as indicated on the Drawings.
b. Waterstops, expansion joint material, synthetic rubber sealing compound,
and other similar materials: As specified in Sections 03150 and 07900.
8. Repair of concrete: Where it is necessary to repair concrete by bonding mortar
or new concrete to concrete which has reached its initial set, first coat surface
of set concrete with epoxy bonding agent as specified in Section 03071.
D. Conveying and placing concrete:
1. Convey concrete from mixer to place of final deposit by methods that prevent
separation or loss of materials.
2. Use equipment for chuting, pumping, and conveying concrete of such size and
design as to ensure practically continuous flow of concrete at delivery end
without segregation of materials.
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3. Design and use chutes and devices for conveying and depositing concrete that
direct concrete vertically downward when discharged from chute or conveying
device.
4. Keep equipment for conveying concrete thoroughly clean by washing and
scraping upon completion of day's placement.
E. Placing concrete:
1. Place no concrete without prior authorization of engineer.
2. Do not place concrete until:
a. Reinforcement is secure and properly fastened in its correct position and
loose form ties at construction joints have been retightened.
b. Dowels, bucks, sleeves, hangers, pipes, conduits, anchor bolts, and any
other fixtures required to be embedded in concrete have been placed and
adequately anchored.
c. Forms have been cleaned and oiled as specified.
3. Do not place of concrete in which initial set has occurred, or that has been
retempered
4. Do not place concrete during rainstorms or high velocity winds.
5. Protect concrete placed immediately before rain to prevent water from coming
in contact with such concrete or winds causing excessive drying.
6. Keep sufficient protective covering on hand at all times for protection of
concrete.
7. After acceptance, adhere to proposed sequence of placing concrete, except
when specific changes are requested and accepted by engineer.
8. Notify engineer in writing of readiness, not just intention, to place concrete in
any portion of the work:
a. Provide this notification in such time in advance of operations, as engineer
deems necessary to make final inspection of preparations at location of
proposed concrete placing.
b. Place forms, reinforcement, screeds, anchors, ties, and inserts in place
before notification of readiness is given to engineer.
c. Depositing concrete:
1) Deposit concrete at or near its final position to avoid segregation
caused by rehandling or flowing.
2) Do not deposit concrete in large quantities in one place and work
along forms with vibrator or by other methods.
3) Do not drop concrete freely into place from height greater than 5 feet.
4) Use tremies for placing concrete where drop is over 5 feet.
5) Commence placement of concrete on slopes, starting at bottom of
slope.
9. Place concrete in approximately horizontal layers not to exceed 24 inches in
depth and bring up evenly in all parts of forms.
10. Continue concrete placement without avoidable interruption, in continuous
operation, until end of placement is reached.
11. After concrete placement begins, continue concrete placement without
significant interruption. Plan and implement precautions to prevent any delay,
between layers being placed, from exceeding 20 minutes.
12. If concrete is to be placed over previously placed concrete and more than
20 minutes has elapsed, spread layer of cement grout not less than 112 inch in
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thickness nor more than 1 inch in thickness over surface before placing
additional concrete.
13. Placement of concrete for slabs, beams, or walkways:
a. If cast monolithically with walls or columns, do not commence until
concrete in walls or columns has been allowed to set and shrink.
b. Allow set time of not less than 1 hour for shrinkage.
F. Consolidating concrete:
1. Place concrete with aid of acceptable mechanical vibrators.
2. Thoroughly consolidate concrete around reinforcement, pipes, or other shapes
built into the work.
3. Provide sufficiently intense vibration to cause concrete to flow and settle
readily into place and to visibly affect concrete over radius of at least
18 inches.
4. Vibrators:
a. Keep sufficient vibrators on hand at all times to vibrate concrete as
placed.
b. In addition to vibrators in actual use while concrete is being placed, have
on hand minimum 1 spare vibrator in serviceable condition.
c. Do not place concrete until it has been ascertained that all vibrating
equipment, including spares, are in serviceable condition.
5. Take special care to place concrete solidly against forms to leave no voids.
6. Take every precaution to make concrete solid, compact, and smooth. If for any
reason surfaces or interiors have voids or are in any way defective, repair such
concrete in manner acceptable to engineer.
G. Footings and slabs on grade:
1. Do not place concrete on ground or compacted fill until subgrade is in moist
condition acceptable to engineer.
2. If necessary, sprinkle subgrade with water not less than 6 or more than
20 hours in advance of placing concrete.
3. If subgrade becomes dry prior to concrete placement, sprinkle again, without
forming pools of water.
4. Do not place concrete if subgrade is muddy or soft.
H. Loading concrete:
1. Green concrete:
a. No heavy loading of green concrete will be permitted.
2. No backfill shall be placed against concrete walls, connecting slabs, or beams
until the concrete has reached the specified strength.
3. Use construction methods, sequencing, and allow time for concrete to reach
adequate strength to prevent overstress of the concrete structure during
construction.
I. Curing concrete:
1. General:
a. Cure concrete by methods specified in this Section.
b. Keep concrete continuously moist and at a temperature of at least 50
degrees Fahrenheit for minimum of 7 days after placement.
c. Cure concrete to be painted with water or sheet membrane.
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d. Do not use sprayed membrane curing or sealing compounds on concrete
surfaces that are to receive paint or upon which any material is to be
bonded.
e. Water cure or sheet membrane cure concrete slabs that are specified to
be sealed by concrete sealer.
f. Cure other concrete by water curing or sprayed membrane curing
compound at contractor's option.
g. Floor slabs may be cured using sheet membrane curing.
2. Water curing:
a. Keep surfaces of concrete being water cured constantly and visibly moist
day and night for period of not less than 7 days.
b. Each day forms remain in place count as 1 day of water curing.
c. No further curing credit will be allowed for forms in place after contact has
once been broken between concrete surface and forms.
d. Do not loosen form ties during period when concrete is being cured by
leaving forms in place.
e. Flood top of walls with water at least 3 times per day, and keep concrete
surfaces moist at all times during 7-day curing period.
3. Sprayed membrane curing compound:
a. Apply curing compound to concrete surface after repairing and patching,
and within 1 hour after forms are removed.
b. If more than 1 hour elapses after removal of forms, do not use curing
compound, but use water curing for full curing period.
c. If surface requires repairing or painting, water cure such concrete
surfaces.
d. Do not remove curing compound from concrete in less than 7 days.
e. Curing compound may be removed only upon written request by
Contractor and acceptance by Engineer, stating what measures are to be
performed to adequately cure concrete.
f. Take care to apply curing compound to construction joints. Apply to all
surfaces along full profile of joints.
g. After curing period is complete, remove curing compound placed within
construction joint profile by heavy sandblasting prior to placing any new
concrete.
h. Contractor's Option: Instead of using curing compound for curing of
construction joints, such joints may be water cured.
i. Apply curing compound by mechanical, power operated sprayer and
mechanical agitator that will uniformly mix all pigment and compound.
j. Apply curing compound in at least 2 coats.
k. Apply each coat in direction 90 degrees to preceding coat.
I. Apply curing compound in sufficient quantity so that concrete has uniform
appearance and that natural color is effectively and completely concealed
at time of spraying.
m. Continue to coat and recoat surfaces until specified coverage is achieved
and until coating film remains on concrete surfaces.
n. Thickness and coverage of curing compound: Provide curing compound
having film thickness that can be scraped from surfaces at any and all
points after drying for at least 24 hours.
o. Contractor is cautioned that method of applying curing compound
specified in this Section may require more curing compound than normally
suggested by manufacturer of curing compound and also more than is
customary in the trade.
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p. Apply amounts specified in this Section, regardless of manufacturer's
recommendations or customary practice.
q. If contractor desires to use curing compound other than specified curing
compound, coat sample areas of concrete wall with proposed curing
compound and also similar adjacent area with specified compound in
specified manner for comparison:
a) If proposed sample is not equal or better, in Engineer's opinion,
in all features, proposed substitution will not be allowed.
r. Prior to final acceptance of the work, remove, by sandblasting or other
acceptable method, any curing compound on surfaces exposed to view,
so that only natural color of finished concrete is visible uniformly over
entire surface.
4. Sheet membrane curing:
a. Install sheet membrane as soon as concrete is finished and can be
walked on without damage.
b. Seal joints and edges with small sand berm.
c. Keep concrete moist under sheet membrane.
J. Cold weather concreting:
1. Preparation before concreting:
a. Remove snow, ice, and frost from the surfaces, including reinforcement
against which the concrete is to be placed.
b. The subgrade shall be free of frost before concrete placing begins.
c. Do not place concrete around any embedment that is at a temperature
below freezing and is sufficiently massive as to cause the adjacent
concrete to freeze.
2. Placement of concrete:
a. Placement temperature:
1) The minimum temperature of concrete immediately after placement
shall be as specified in Table C.
2) The temperature of concrete as placed shall not exceed the values
shown in Table C by more than 20 degrees F.
b. Protection temperature:
1) Unless otherwise specified, the minimum temperature of concrete
during the protection period shall be as shown Table C.
2) Temperatures specified to be maintained during the protection period
shall be those measured at the concrete surface, whether the surface
is in contact with formwork, insulation, or air.
3) Measure the temperature with a surface measuring device accurate
to 2 degrees F.
4) Measure the temperature of concrete in each placement at regular
time intervals as specified in the contract documents.
c. Termination of protection:
1) The maximum decrease in temperature measured at the surface of
the concrete in a 24-hour period shall not exceed the values listed in
Table C
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2) Do not exceed these limits until the surface temperature of the
concrete is within 20 degrees F of the ambient temperature of
surrounding temperatures.
3) When the surface temperature of the concrete is within 20 degrees F
of the ambient temperature, all protection may be removed.
TABLE C
Concrete Temperature Requirements
Max. for Gradual
Min. Temp. of Concrete Decrease in Surface
as Placed and Temp. During Any
Least Dimension Maintained During 24-Hour Period After
of Section Protection Period End of Protection
inches (degrees F Period (degrees F)
Less than 12 55 50
12 to less than 36 50 40
36 to 72 45 30
Greater than 72 40 20
3. Curing of concrete:
a. Prevent concrete from drying during the required curing period. If water
curing is used, terminate use at least 24 hours before any anticipated
exposure of the concrete to freezing temperatures.
4. Protection of concrete:
a. Combustion heaters: Vent flue gases from combustion heating units to the
outside of the enclosures.
b. Overheating and drying: Place and direct heaters and ducts to avoid
areas of overheating or drying of the concrete surface.
c. Maximum air temperature: During the protection period, do not expose the
concrete surface to air having a temperature more than 20 degrees F
above the values shown in Table C unless higher values are required by
an accepted curing method.
d. Protection against freezing:
1) Cure and protect concrete against damage from freezing for a
minimum of 3 days, unless otherwise specified.
a) Maintain the surface temperature of the concrete as specified in
Table C.
2) During periods not defined as cold weather, but when freezing
temperatures may occur, protect concrete surfaces against freezing
for the first 24 hours after placing.
3.02 CONCRETE FINISHING
A. Provide concrete finishes as specified in Section 03366.
B. Edges of joints:
1. Provide joints having edges as indicated on the Drawings.
2. Protect wall and slab surfaces at edges against concrete spatter and
thoroughly clean upon completion of each placement.
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C. Concrete sealer:
1. Floors and slabs to receive concrete sealer: As specified in the Contract
Documents on finish schedule.
2. Apply concrete sealer:
a. Apply concrete sealer at coverage rate not to exceed 300 square feet per
gallon.
b. Apply as soon as slab or floor will bear weight.
c. Sealer:
1) Before applying concrete sealer, sweep entire surface clean with
very soft bristled brush that will not mark concrete finish and remove
any standing water.
2) Apply concrete sealer with sprayer.
3) Use of paint rollers or mop is not acceptable.
4) Workmen shall wear flat soled shoes which will not mark or scar
concrete surface.
5) Do not allow traffic on floors and slabs until concrete sealer has dried
and hardened.
3.03 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing of concrete:
1. During progress of construction, owner will have tests made to determine
whether the concrete, as being produced, complies with requirements
specified.
2. Tests will be performed in accordance with ASTM C 31, ASTM C 39, and
ASTM C 172.
3. ENGINEER will make and deliver test cylinders to the laboratory and testing
expense will be borne by owner.
4. OWNER will furnish test equipment as required.
5. Make provisions for and furnish concrete to engineer as required for the
preparation of test specimens.
6. OWNER shall deliver test cylinders and cure them in the laboratory in
accordance with ASTM C 39.
B. Compressive strength tests:
1. Strength tests shall be defined as the average of the strengths of 2 cylinder
specimens made from the same sample of concrete and tested at 28 days.
2. Concrete cylinders shall be 6-inch diameter by 12-inch long.
3. Test not less than 3 cylinder specimens for each 100 cubic yards of each class
of concrete nor less than 3 cylinder specimens for each 5,000 square feet of
surface area of walls or slabs.
4. Test not less than 9 cylinder specimens for each day concrete is placed.
5. For every group of 3 cylinder tests sampled from the same class of concrete,
one shall be tested at 7 days and two shall be tested at 28 days.
C. Slump tests:
1. Test slump of concrete using slump cone in accordance with ASTM C 143.
2. Do not use concrete that does not meet specification requirements in regards
to slump.
a. Remove such concrete from project site.
b. Test slump at the beginning of each placement, as often as necessary to
keep slump within the specified range, and when requested to do so by
ENGINEER.
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D. Air entrainment tests:
1. Test percent of entrained air in concrete at beginning of each placement, as
often as necessary to keep entrained air within specified range, and when
requested to do so by engineer.
2. Do not use concrete that does not meet Specification requirements for air
entrainment.
a. Remove such concrete from project site.
3. Test air entrainment in concrete in accordance with ASTM C 173.
4. Engineer may at any time test the percent of entrained air in concrete received
on project site.
E. Enforcement of strength requirement:
1. Concrete is expected to reach a higher 28-day compressive strength (fc)than
that which is specified in Table A.
2. Strength level of concrete will be considered acceptable if both of the following
conditions are satisfied:
a. The arithmetic average of 3 consecutive strength tests made within the
same day is greater than or equal to the specified compressive strength
(fc).
b. No individual strength test shall fall below the specified compressive
strength (fc) by more than 500 psi.
3. Acceptance of concrete strength shall be made for each day that concrete is
cast. For the purpose of accepting concrete, averages of strength tests that
occur over multiple days shall not be considered.
4. Non-compliant strength tests:
a. Mark test reports to highlight that they contain non-complying results and
immediately forward copies of test reports to all parties on the test report
distribution list.
b. Provide treatment of non-compliant concrete at no additional cost to
Owner and with no additional time added to project schedule.
G. Initial treatment may consist of additional curing and testing of the affected
concrete.
1) Provide additional curing of concrete using means and duration
acceptable to the Engineer.
2) Upon completion of the additional curing, provide additional testing
designated by the Engineer.
a) Obtain and test core samples for compression strength in
accordance with ASTM C 42, ACI 318, and ACI 350.
b) Provide not less than 3 cores for each affected area. Obtain
Engineer's acceptance of proposed coring locations before
proceeding with that work.
c) Submit report of compression strength testing for Engineer's
review.
d) If required by the Engineer, provide additional cores and obtain
petrographic examination in accordance with ASTM C 856.
Submit report of petrographic analysis for Engineer's review.
3) If additional curing does not bring average of 3 cores taken in
affected area to at least the minimum specified compressive strength
(fc), designate such concrete in affected area as defective.
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3.04 ADJUSTING
A. Provide repair of defective concrete at no additional cost to Owner and with no
additional time added to the project schedule:
B. Make repairs using approach and means acceptable to the Engineer.
1. Provide repairs having strength equal to or greater than specified concrete for
areas involved.
2. Do not patch, repair, or cover defective work without inspection by the
Engineer.
3. Acceptable means may include, but are not limited to strengthening, repair, or
removal and replacement.
C. Strengthening of defective concrete:
1. By addition of concrete.
2. By addition of reinforcing.
3. By addition of both concrete and reinforcing.
D. Repairs:
1. Methods of repair:
a. Dry pack method:
1) Use for holes having depth nearly equal to or greater than least
surface dimension of hole, for cone-bolt holes, and for narrow slots
cut for repair.
2) Smooth holes: Clean and roughen by heavy sandblasting before
repair.
b. Mortar replacement method:
1) Use for holes too wide to dry pack and too shallow for concrete
replacement.
2) Comparatively shallow depressions, large or small, which extend no
deeper than nearest surface reinforcement.
c. Concrete replacement method:
1) Use when holes extend entirely through concrete section or when
holes are more than 1 square foot in area and extend halfway or
more through the section.
2. Preparation of concrete for repair:
a. Chip out and key imperfections in the work and make them ready for
repair.
b. Obtain Engineer's acceptance of surface preparation methods and of
prepared surfaces prior to repair.
c. Surfaces of set concrete to be repaired: First coat with epoxy bonding
agent as specified in Section 03071.
E. Remove and replace defective concrete.
END OF SECTION
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