HomeMy WebLinkAboutITEM 2A - 2395 Pebble Beach Drive_HSPB 163_Historic Designation
HISTORIC SITE PRESERVATION BOARD
STAFF REPORT
DATE: March 4, 2025 PUBLIC HEARING
SUBJECT: APPLICATION BY JULI SAVITT-CAVNAR AND ADAM CAVNAR FOR
HISTORIC SITE DESIGNATION OF “THE RICHARD AND SIGNE
HOLECHEK RESIDENCE” LOCATED AT 2395 PEBBLE BEACH DRIVE,
(APN 681-242-008) CASE: HSPB #163 (SY)
FROM: Department of Planning Services
SUMMARY
This request for Class 1 historic designation was submitted by the current owners of the
property. This single-family home is located along the fairways of the Tahquitz Creek Golf
Course was designed by architect Donald Wexler during the post-World War II period.
The period of significance for this site is 1965.
If designated as a historic resource, the property would be subject to the regulations
outlined in Section 8.05 of the Palm Springs Municipal Code.
RECOMMENDATION:
1. Open the public hearing and receive public testimony.
2. Close the public hearing and adopt Resolution HSPB #163, “A RESOLUTION OF
THE HISTORIC SITE PRESERVATION BOARD OF THE CITY OF PALM
SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL
DESIGNATE “THE RICHARD AND SIGNE HOLECHEK RESIDENCE” LOCATED
AT 2395 PEBBLE BEACH DRIVE, AS A CLASS 1 (LANDMARK) HISTORIC
RESOURCE, HSPB #163, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS (APN #681-242-008).”
BACKGROUND AND SETTING:
The Green Fairway Estates is a residential tract that contains 35 homes designed by
architect Donald Wexler. The Alexanders subdivided this area into 55 lots that abutted
the public golf course and the 9 model plans are named after famous gold courses around
the world.1 Unlike the earlier residential tract homes built in Palm Springs, these homes
were intended for full-time residential use, hence the larger rooms and design features
that accounted for the summer heat.
1 McGrew, Patrick. Donald Wexler: Architect. (Palm Springs Preservation Foundation), 32.
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 2 of 8
AERIAL VIEW OF THE SUBJECT PARCEL.
EAST (FRONT) ELEVATION FROM PEBBLE BEACH DRIVE, 2025.
Related Relevant City Actions by HSPB, Planning, Fire, Building, etc.
February, 2025 Site inspection by members of the HSPB and City Staff.
Ownership Status
May, 2019 Purchased by the current owner.
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 3 of 8
Historic Context Statement “Post-World War II (1945-1969)”
During the postwar period, the demand for full-time residential housing resulted in the
city’s expansion eastward and southward. Resort-style living attracted the growing
middle-class to the area and golf became a major attraction. The sport was popularized
across the United States and fairway living emerged throughout the desert region.2 This
model of integrating residential development into the design of the golf course was a
distinct and innovative urban pattern. While many communities were built around private
clubs and golf courses, Green Fairway Estates targeted the middle-class and marketed
homes around the public golf course as “golf-course living” with affordable green fees.3
Context: Post-World War II Palm Springs (1945-1969)
Theme: Post World War II Single-Family Residential Development (1945-1969)
Sub-theme: Golf Course Single-family Residential Development (1960-
1969)
Registration Requirements: To be eligible under this theme, a property must:
Date from the period of significance; and
Represent an excellent example of an architectural style or method of
construction; or be associated with a significant architect or designer; and
Display most of the character-defining features of the property type or
style; and
Retain the essential aspects of historic integrity.
Context: Architectural Styles & Local Practitioners
Theme: Modern Styles of the Post-World War II Era
Sub-theme: Mid-century Modern
Registration Requirements: To be eligible under this theme as an excellent
example of its architectural style, a property must:
Retain most – though not necessarily all – of the character-defining
features of the style, and continue to exhibit its historic appearance
If important for illustrating a particular architectural style or construction
technique, must retain most of the physical features that constitute that
style or technique.
ANALYSIS:
A historic resources report (“the report”), site visit, and city documents and forms are the
basis of this staff report. Designed by Wexler, the Holechek Residence was designed in
the Mid-century Modern style of architecture. The report clarifies that various alterations
were reversed by the owners between 2012 – 2019.
Historic Preservation activities in Palm Springs are regulated under Municipal Code
Section 8.05 (“Historic Preservation”). The purpose of the Historic Preservation
Ordinance is:
2 City of Palm Springs Citywide Historic Context Statement “Post-World War II Palm Springs (1945-1969)”, 237.
3 City of Palm Springs Citywide Historic Context Statement “Post-World War II Palm Springs (1945-1969)”, 242.
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 4 of 8
“…to stabilize and improve buildings, structures or areas which are
considered to be of historical, architectural, archaeological or ecological
value, to foster civic beauty, to strengthen the local economy and to promote
the use of historic resources for the education and welfare of the citizens.”
Conditions that apply to Class 1 historic sites or resources:
1. It shall meet the definition of a historic site as outlined in Municipal Code Section
8.05.020.
2. An archival file shall be maintained on the property by the City.
3. It may be qualified as ‘historic’ at the federal, state, and/or county level.
4. A marker explaining the historic nature of the site may be installed in a location
viewable from the public way.
5. Compliance with all rules and regulations for Historic Resources and Historic
Districts under Chapter 8.05 of the Municipal Code.
6. If designated, the findings in support of designation shall be stated in a resolution
of the City Council that shall be recorded with the County Recorders’ office within
90 days of the effective date of the Council’s resolution.
Evaluation of the Application. Pursuant to Municipal Code Section 8.05.070 (C,1,a), the
HSPB shall evaluate the application and make findings in conformance with the following
criteria:
Criteria for the Designation of Class 1 Historic Resources. A site, structure, building or
object may be designated as a Class 1 historic resource, provided both of the following
findings (“a” and “b”) are met:
a. The site, structure, building or object exhibits exceptional historic
significance and meets one or more of the criteria listed below:
2395 Pebble Beach Drive is a single-family home constructed in the Mid-century Modern
style. The H-shaped floor plan appears to be the basic layout for all of the models and
the site placement of the homes abut the golf course. Many character-defining elements
on the front façade of the home have been restored and the new addition completed in
2022 has no adverse impact to the original design. The following is an analysis of the
criterion and integrity findings for historic designation.
(Criterion i) The resource is associated with events that have made a
meaningful contribution to the nation, state or community;
No meaningful event is associated with this site, thus does not qualify under Criterion i.
(Criterion ii) The resource is associated with the lives of persons who
made a meaningful contribution to national, state or local history;
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 5 of 8
Richard and Signe Holechek are the first owners of the home in November of 1965. Deed
records show at least 6 different entities owning the property since its construction. Based
on the information provided in the historic resources report, the site is not associated with
individuals that meet this criterion.
(Criterion iii) The resource reflects or exemplifies a particular period of
national, state or local history;
Palms Springs during the postwar period reflects growth, prosperity and leisure. Housing
for full-time residents meant the design now incorporates functional qualities to address
the harsh summer conditions of the desert by creating more space for storage and
garages instead of carports to protect cars and golf carts from the elements year-round.
The aesthetic qualities of the home include post-and-beam construction, deep overhangs,
stacked stone walls, and floor-to-ceiling fenestration. The home is a simple low-slung
gabled roof structure with stone walls creating articulation along the front façade. The
integrated placement of the home to the public golf course is a reflection of “golf course
single-family residential development” during this period. The home is an example of Mid-
century Modern architecture but more importantly, it is an example of a new residential
typology that highlights the importance of golf as a leisure activity and its impact on urban
design. Staff finds Criterion iii is met.
(Criterion iv) The resource embodies the distinctive characteristics of a
type, period or method of construction;
Unlike the National Register criterion concerning construction, the Palm Springs
evaluation of construction addresses the type (of construction), the period (of
construction) and the method (of construction). The home was constructed using
conventional methods and no new building materials or technology was specifically
identified. Criterion iv is not met.
(Criterion v) The resource presents the work of a master builder, designer,
artist, or architect whose individual genius influenced his age, or that
possesses high artistic value;
By 1965, Alexander Construction had already solidified their reputation as one of the most
influential developers in the region with over a dozen residential tract developments
completed. When developing the Green Fairway Estates, the Alexanders approached
architect Donald Wexler to design the models for the development. Considered one of
the main architects representing Desert Modernism and the Palm Springs School of
Architecture, Wexler’s genius and influence is captured in his projects throughout the
valley including the Palm Springs International Airport, which was completed the following
year in 1966. Although 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is not a custom-designed home, the
architectural features and versatility of the plan demonstrates the architect’s knowledge
of materials and tract home development. Green Fairway Estates is also the last tract
development by the Alexanders. The home embodies the collaboration between Wexler
and the Alexanders, thus Criterion v for historic significance is met.
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 6 of 8
(Criterion vi) The resource represents a significant and distinguishable
entity whose components may lack individual distinction, as used in
evaluating applications for designation of historic districts, for parcels on
which more than one entity exists; or
The resource is not within a historic district and does not qualify under Criterion vi.
(Criterion vii) The resource has yielded or may be likely to yield information
important to national, state or local history or prehistory.
No information is available on any pre-historic significance of the site.
Analysis of Integrity. (PSMC 8.05.070 (C,1,b). The site, structure, building
or object retains one or more of the following aspects of integrity, as
established in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards: integrity of design,
materials, workmanship, location, setting, feeling, or association.
The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence is evaluated based on the following topics
of integrity based on the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards:
Location.
The home is in its original location on the lot; therefore, the integrity of location is met.
Design.
Wexler designed 9 floor plans for this residential development to have the versatility to be
rotated or mirrored on any given lot. Various roof forms, including those inspired by
Polynesian/Southeast Asian architecture, exist; however, this home has a low-slung
gable roof form that focuses on the stacked stone walls as the key architectural feature.
The floor plan for 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is known as the “Wentworth.” The H-shaped
floor plan organizes the interior spaces in two separate wings that effectively separate the
public spaces from the private spaces. As one enters the home, the entry is oriented
towards an unobstructed view of the mountains beyond the adjacent golf course, and the
view of the landscape is framed through the open courtyard. The amount of glazing on
the front elevation is limited, giving the home a feeling of monumentality but light is
directed into the living space through the 9-bay floor-to-ceiling window configuration
behind the trapezoidal rock wall. The deep eaves and enclosed garage enhance the
livability of the home by taking the summer conditions into account. The surrounding
landscape features are minimal and do not obscure the home from view. Insensitive
alterations to the front façade were removed and the 2022 attached addition, which
enclosed a smaller courtyard, has a subordinate roofline that does not create a negative
visual impact to the existing design. Staff finds the restored resource meets the integrity
of the original design by Wexler.
Setting.
The original setting of the home is integral to its relationship to the golf course, which is
effectively a large open green space. The home retains its location and the surrounding
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 7 of 8
setting of the golf course remains intact, thus the integrity of setting is met.
Materials.
The home was built with materials that were commonly used during this period and the
restored fenestration remains true to the original design. The stacked stone walls remain
a prominent feature and are well maintained. The overall integrity of material is met.
Workmanship.
The home was constructed using conventional methods of construction and commonly
used materials; however, the stone walls found both inside and outside the home reveal
a high level of workmanship and attention to detail. Staff finds the integrity of workmanship
remains intact.
Feeling.
The simple design of the home and its strong connection to the original setting of the golf
course preserves the original feeling of the site design.
Association.
The property is associated with architect Donald Wexler and the Alexander Construction
Company, as well as the Mid-century Modern Movement of the post-World War II period.
The neighborhood continues to be a golf course community as originally intended. The
integrity of association remains unchanged.
DEFINING HISTORIC CHARACTERISTICS:
In considering a recommendation for historic resource designation it is important to
distinguish those physical elements that are original or from the period of significance
that, contribute to the resource’s historic significance from alterations, additions or
features that were added at a later time that may be sympathetic to the original character,
but which may create a false sense of historicity. Distinguishing original character-
defining features from non-original elements aids the HSPB when it is tasked with
evaluating future alterations to the historic resource.
Character-defining features on page 30 of the historic resources report and the staff
analysis of important features are listed as follows:
• Site design and placement of the home abutting the open green space
• An emphasis on horizontality with low slung, asymmetrically pitched roof
• Trapezoidal stacked stone walls on the east (front) elevation
• 9-bay floor to ceiling windows behind the stone walls on the east elevation
• Minimal window to wall ratio on the front elevation
• Vertical wood siding
• H-shaped floor plan that divides the private and public spaces
• Deep overhangs and recessed entry with solid double doors
• Post-and-beam construction with exposed beams along the exterior eaves of the
building
Historic Site Preservation Board Staff Report March 4, 2025
HSPB-163 – The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
Page 8 of 8
• Extensive use of glazing in the form of aluminum-framed windows and doors
• Open courtyard to the rear of the home beyond the front entry with beams that
expand across the space
• Stacked stone mailbox column that matches the main house
• “Champagne glass” fireplace in front of a stone wall (interior features)
Non-contributing elements:
• The 2022 attached casita addition to the southwest corner of the home
• Non-original hardscaping
• Spa and tanning shelf
• Concrete block perimeter walls
• Rooftop photovoltaic system
• Brise soleil at front facade
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT:
The proposed historic resource designation is not subject to the California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Sections 15060(c)(2) (the activity will not result in a direct
or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment) and 15060(c)(3)
(the activity is not a project as defined in Section 15378) of the CEQA Guidelines,
California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, because it has no potential for
resulting in physical changes to the environment, directly or indirectly.
NOTIFICATION:
Pursuant to section 8.05.140 of the Municipal Code of Palm Springs, all residents within
five hundred (500) feet of the subject property have been notified and notice was
published in a newspaper of general circulation.
CONCLUSION:
The Richard and Signe Holechek Residence meets the definition of a historic resource
based on Criterion 3 and 5 of the Palm Springs Historic Preservation Ordinance and
meets the necessary integrity findings to support its historic significance; therefore, staff
recommends Class 1 Designation as a historic landmark property.
PREPARED BY: Sarah Yoon, Associate Planner/Historic Preservation Officer
REVIEWED BY: Anthony Riederer, Assistant Director of Planning Services
REVIEWED BY: Christopher Hadwin, Director of Planning Services
Attachments:
A. Vicinity Map
B. Draft Resolution
C. Application, related background materials, photos.
ATTACHMENT A
Department of Planning Services
Vicinity Map
CITY OF PALM SPRINGS
HSPB #163 – Richard and Signe Holechek Residence
2395 Pebble Beach Drive
ATTACHMENT B
RESOLUTION NO. HSPB #163
A RESOLUTION OF THE HISTORIC SITE PRESERVATION
BOARD OF THE CITY OF PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA,
RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL DESIGNATE
THE RICHARD AND SIGNE HOLECHEK RESIDENCE
LOCATED AT 2395 PEBBLE BEACH DRIVE, A CLASS 1
HISTORIC SITE (HSPB #163), APN #681-242-008.
THE HISTORIC SITE PRESERVATION BOARD (“HSPB”) FINDS AND DETERMINES
AS FOLLOWS:
A. WHEREAS, Chapter 8.05 of the Palm Springs Municipal Code allows for the
designation of historic sites and districts; and
B. WHEREAS, The City of Palm Springs filed an application pursuant to Article III,
Section 8.05.070 (Procedure and Criteria for Designation of Historic Resources) of the
Palm Springs Municipal Code requesting historic resources designation for “The Richard
and Signe Residence” located at 2395 Pebble Beach Drive. The application included a
historic resources report (“the report”).
C. WHEREAS, on February 25 and 27, 2025, members of the Historic Site
Preservation Board (HSPB) conducted site inspections of the proposed historic resource,
accompanied by City staff; and
D. WHEREAS, on March 4, 2025, a noticed public hearing of the Palm Springs
Historic Site Preservation Board (“HSPB”) to consider Case HSPB #163 was held in
accordance with applicable law; and
E. WHEREAS, the HSPB carefully reviewed and considered all of the evidence
presented in connection with the hearing on the project, including, but not limited to, the
staff report and all written and oral testimony presented.
THE HISTORIC SITE PRESERVATION BOARD OF THE CITY OF PALM SPRINGS
RESOLVES:
SECTION 1: FINDINGS – PART “1”, CRITERIA FOR HISTORIC RESOURCES.
Evaluation of the Application. Pursuant to Municipal Code Section 8.05.070 (C,1,a), the
HSPB shall evaluate the application and make findings in conformance with the following
criteria:
1. Criteria for the Designation of Class 1 Historic Resources. A site, structure,
building or object may be designated as a Class 1 historic resource,
provided both of the following findings (“a” and “b”) are met:
Resolution No. HSPB #163 – The Richard and Signe Residence
Page 2 of 6
March 4, 2025
a. The site, structure, building, or object exhibits exceptional historic
significance and meets one or more of the criteria listed below:
2395 Pebble Beach Drive is a single-family home constructed in the Mid-century Modern
style. The H-shaped floor plan appears to be the basic layout for all of the models and
the site placement of the homes abut the golf course. Many character-defining elements
on the front façade of the home have been restored and the new addition completed in
2022 has no adverse impact to the original design. The following is an analysis of the
criterion and integrity findings for historic designation.
(Criterion i) The resource is associated with events that have made a
meaningful contribution to the nation, state or community;
No meaningful event is associated with this site, thus does not qualify under Criterion i.
(Criterion ii) The resource is associated with the lives of persons who
made a meaningful contribution to national, state or local history;
Richard and Signe Holechek are the first owners of the home in November of 1965. Deed
records show at least 6 different entities owning the property since its construction. Based
on the information provided in the historic resources report, the site is not associated with
individuals that meet this criterion.
(Criterion iii) The resource reflects or exemplifies a particular period of
national, state or local history;
Palms Springs during the postwar period reflects growth, prosperity and leisure.
Housing for full-time residents meant the design now incorporates functional
qualities to address the harsh summer conditions of the desert by creating more
space for storage and garages instead of carports to protect cars and golf carts
from the elements year-round. The aesthetic qualities of the home include post-
and-beam construction, deep overhangs, stacked stone walls, and floor-to-ceiling
fenestration. The home is a simple low-slung gabled roof structure with stone walls
creating articulation along the front façade. The integrated placement of the home
to the public golf course is a reflection of “golf course single-family residential
development” during this period. The home is an example of Mid-century Modern
architecture but more importantly, it is an example of a new residential typology
that highlights the importance of golf as a leisure activity and its impact on urban
design. Staff finds Criterion iii is met.
(Criterion iv) The resource embodies the distinctive characteristics of a
type, period or method of construction;
Unlike the National Register criterion concerning construction, the Palm Springs
evaluation of construction addresses the type (of construction), the period (of
construction) and the method (of construction). The home was constructed using
conventional methods and no new building materials or technology was specifically
Resolution No. HSPB #163 – The Richard and Signe Residence
Page 3 of 6
March 4, 2025
identified. Criterion iv is not met.
(Criterion v) The resource presents the work of a master builder, designer,
artist, or architect whose individual genius influenced his age, or that
possesses high artistic value;
By 1965, Alexander Construction had already solidified their reputation as one of
the most influential developers in the region with over a dozen residential tract
developments completed. When developing the Green Fairway Estates, the
Alexanders approached architect Donald Wexler to design the models for the
development. Considered one of the main architects representing Desert
Modernism and the Palm Springs School of Architecture, Wexler’s genius and
influence is captured in his projects throughout the valley including the Palm
Springs International Airport, which was completed the following year in 1966.
Although 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is not a custom-designed home, the
architectural features and versatility of the plan demonstrates the architect’s
knowledge of materials and tract home development. Green Fairway Estates is
also the last tract development by the Alexanders. The home embodies the
collaboration between Wexler and the Alexanders, thus Criterion v for historic
significance is met.
(Criterion vi) The resource represents a significant and distinguishable
entity whose components may lack individual distinction, as used in
evaluating applications for designation of historic districts, for parcels on
which more than one entity exists; or
The resource is not within a historic district and does not qualify under Criterion vi.
(Criterion vii) The resource has yielded or may be likely to yield information
important to national, state or local history or prehistory.
No information is available on any pre-historic significance of the site.
SECTION 2: PART “B” ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC INTEGRITY.
Analysis of Integrity. (PSMC 8.05.070 (C,1,b). The site, structure, building or
object retains one or more of the following aspects of integrity, as established in
the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards: integrity of design, materials,
workmanship, location, setting, feeling, or association.
The Richard and Signe Residence is evaluated based on the following topics of integrity
based on the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards:
Location.
The home is in its original location on the lot; therefore, the integrity of location is met.
Resolution No. HSPB #163 – The Richard and Signe Residence
Page 4 of 6
March 4, 2025
Design.
Wexler designed 9 floor plans for this residential development to have the versatility to be
rotated or mirrored on any given lot. Various roof forms, including those inspired by
Polynesian/Southeast Asian architecture, exist; however, this home has a low-slung
gable roof form that focuses on the stacked stone walls as the key architectural feature.
The floor plan for 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is known as the “Wentworth.” The H-shaped
floor plan organizes the interior spaces in two separate wings that effectively separate the
public spaces from the private spaces. As one enters the home, the entry is oriented
towards an unobstructed view of the mountains beyond the adjacent golf course, and the
view of the landscape is framed through the open courtyard. The amount of glazing on
the front elevation is limited, giving the home a feeling of monumentality but light is
directed into the living space through the 9-bay floor-to-ceiling window configuration
behind the trapezoidal rock wall. The deep eaves and enclosed garage enhance the
livability of the home by taking the summer conditions into account. The surrounding
landscape features are minimal and do not obscure the home from view. Insensitive
alterations to the front façade were removed and the 2022 attached addition, which
enclosed a smaller courtyard, has a subordinate roofline that does not create a negative
visual impact to the existing design. Staff finds the restored resource meets the integrity
of the original design by Wexler.
Setting.
The original setting of the home is integral to its relationship to the golf course, which is
effectively a large open green space. The home retains its location and the surrounding
setting of the golf course remains intact, thus the integrity of setting is met.
Materials.
The home was built with materials that were commonly used during this period and the
restored fenestration remains true to the original design. The stacked stone walls remain
a prominent feature and are well maintained. The overall integrity of material is met.
Workmanship.
The home was constructed using conventional methods of construction and commonly
used materials; however, the stone walls found both inside and outside the home reveal
a high level of workmanship and attention to detail. Staff finds the integrity of workmanship
remains intact.
Feeling.
The simple design of the home and its strong connection to the original setting of the golf
course preserves the original feeling of the site design.
Association.
The property is associated with architect Donald Wexler and the Alexander Construction
Company, as well as the Mid-century Modern Movement of the post-World War II period.
The neighborhood continues to be a golf course community as originally intended. The
integrity of association remains unchanged.
Resolution No. HSPB #163 – The Richard and Signe Residence
Page 5 of 6
March 4, 2025
SECTION 3: DEFINING HISTORIC CHARACTERISTICS
In considering a recommendation for historic resource designation it is important to
distinguish those physical elements that are original or from the period of significance that
contribute to the resource’s historic significance from alterations, additions or features
that were added at a later time that may be sympathetic to the original character, but
which may create a false sense of historicity. Distinguishing original character-defining
features from non-original elements aids the HSPB when it is tasked with evaluating
future alterations to the historic resource.
Character-defining features of the resource are as follows:
• Site design and placement of the home abutting the open green space
• An emphasis on horizontality with low slung, asymmetrically pitched roof
• Trapezoidal stacked stone walls on the east (front) elevation
• 9-bay floor to ceiling windows behind the stone walls on the east elevation
• Minimal window to wall ratio on the front elevation
• Vertical wood siding
• H-shaped floor plan that divides the private and public spaces
• Deep overhangs and recessed entry with solid double doors
• Post-and-beam construction with exposed beams along the exterior eaves of the
building
• Extensive use of glazing in the form of aluminum-framed windows and doors
• Open courtyard to the rear of the home beyond the front entry with beams that
expand across the space
• Stacked stone mailbox column that matches the main house
• “Champagne glass” fireplace in front of a stone wall (interior features)
Non-contributing elements:
• The 2022 attached casita addition to the southwest corner of the home
• Non-original hardscaping
• Spa and tanning shelf
• Concrete block perimeter walls
• Rooftop photovoltaic system
• Brise soleil at front facade
SECTION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The proposed historic resource designation is not subject to the California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Sections 15060(c)(2) (the activity will not result in a direct
or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment) and 15060(c)(3)
(the activity is not a project as defined in Section 15378) of the CEQA Guidelines,
California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, because it has no potential for
resulting in physical changes to the environment, directly or indirectly.
Resolution No. HSPB #163 – The Richard and Signe Residence
Page 6 of 6
March 4, 2025
SECTION 5: CONDITIONS THAT APPLY TO CLASS 1 HISTORIC SITES.
According to Section 8.05 of the Municipal Code, the following shall apply to a Class 1
Historic Resource:
1. It shall meet the definition of a Class 1 historic site as outlined in Municipal Code
Section 8.05.020.
2. An archival file on the property shall be maintained by the City.
3. It may be qualified as ‘historic’ at the federal, state, and/or county level.
4. The structure/site may not be modified nor objects removed without following the
procedures outlined in Municipal Code Section 8.05.110 “Demolition or Alteration
of Class 1 and Class 2 Historic Resources – Certificate of Appropriateness”.
5. A marker explaining the historic nature of the site may be installed at the site in a
location viewable from the public way.
6. Compliance with all rules and regulations for Historic Sites and Historic Districts
under Chapter 8.05 of the Municipal Code shall be required.
7. The site shall not be further subdivided.
8. The City Clerk shall submit the Council Resolution to the County recorder for
recordation within 90 days of the effective date of the Council’s resolution.
Based upon the foregoing, the Historic Site Preservation Board recommends that the City
Council designate The Richard and Signe Residence located at 2395 Pebble Beach
Drive, a Class 1 Historic Resource (HSPB #163).
ADOPTED THIS FOURTH DAY OF MARCH 2025.
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
ATTEST: CITY OF PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA
Christopher Hadwin
Director of Planning Services
ATTACHMENT C
Nomination Application for
City Of Palm Springs Class 1
Historic Resource
Donald Wexler, F.A.I.A.
1965
Juli Savitt-Cavnar and Adam Cavnar
Applicants/homeowners
12/3/2024 Final Draft Revised
2395 Pebble Beach Drive
Palm Springs, CA 92264
1
Acknowledgements
The applicants gratefully wish to thank
the following individuals/organizations for
their professional expertise and/or assistance:
Gary Johns
Steve Vaught
Frank Lopez of the Palm Springs Architecture and Design Museum
AMROCK Title Co.
Lawyers Title Insurance Corp.
2
2395 Pebble Beach Drive
Class 1 Historic Resource Nomination
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION: PAGE 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: PAGE 3
CLASS 1 HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGNATION APPLICATION FORM: PAGE 5
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: PAGE 8
BACKGROUND/HISTORIC CONTEXT: PAGE 30
EVALUATION FOR CLASS 1 RESOURCE DESIGNATION: PAGE 31
INTEGRITY ANALYSIS: PAGE 32
APPENDICES
I Owner’s Notarized Letter of Support: Page 39
II Assessor Map: Page 41
III Google Earth Image Page 42
IV Chain of Title: Page 43
V Building Permits: Page 44
VI Biography of Original Owners: Page 45
VII Chain of Ownership Page 48
VIII Donald Wexler Biography: Page 49
IX George Alexander Biography: Page 53
X Current Imagery/Details: Page 58
IX Grant Deed: Page 63
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Introduction
The purpose of the Class 1 and Class 2 designation is to recognize community resources such
as buildings, structures and sites within the City of Palm Springs which may be protected,
enhanced, and perpetuated to promote public awareness, education, and enjoyment of historic
resources within the City of Palm Springs. Identification of historically significant places and the
reasons why they are important helps inform the City Council, the Planning Commission and City
staff in evaluating new development proposals and opportunities for enhancing the beauty and
livability of Palm Springs through adaptive reuse, preservation, and integration of historic
resources. In April 2024, the Property Owners, Juli-Savitt Cavnar and Adam Cavnar, began
writing the subject property’s Class 1 nomination with the assistance of Steve Vaught, an advisory
board member of the Palm Springs Preservation Foundation.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SIGNIFICANCE:
2395 Pebble Beach Drive is a single-story residence designed by modernist master Donald
Wexler for the Alexander Construction Co. in 1965. The home is a fine example of the modern
style and exhibits numerous character-defining features that place it within the historic context of
the Palm Springs Modern period (1945-1969) as defined in the Citywide Historic Context & Survey
Findings created by Historic Resources Group. The period of significance for the house has been
established as 1965, the year of its completion.
The home was built as a component of the Green Fairway Estates tract, which, despite the major
names with which it associated, has remained a relatively unknown work in the careers of both
Wexler and the Alexanders. Built along the fairways of the Palm Springs Municipal Golf Course
(today known as the Tahquitz Creek Golf Course), Green Fairway Estates was planned on a more
intimate scale than typical Alexander developments, with just 35 homes completed in total.
Despite the small scale, Wexler designed a group of 9 different model choices, creating the illusion
of a custom rather than tract development. 2395 Pebble Bech Drive was one of only 5 models in
the “Wentworth” design plan. While ostensibly a tract house, the home has the look and feel of a
custom home owing to the high quality of materials used in its construction and the artistic design
work of Donald Wexler.
2395 Pebble Beach Drive represents an excellent and largely intact example of how, in the hands
of masters, an otherwise standard tract house can be transformed beyond basic housing into an
architectural statement with its own sense of uniqueness despite being part of a larger group.
DESIGNATION CRITERIA:
2395 Pebble Beach Drive has not previously been evaluated for Class 1 historic resource
eligibility as part of the Citywide Historic Context Statement & Survey Findings created by Historic
Resources Group.
Criteria for the Designation of a Class 1 Historic Resource: Pursuant to the Palm Springs
Municipal Code (PSMC) Section 8.05.070.C.1.: A site, structure, building or object may be
designated as a Class 1 historic resource, provided one or more of the criteria in subsections “a”
and “b” are met. Refer to the U.S. Department of the Interior National Register Bulletin “How to
Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation” of potentially historic resources for further
information.
Based on the analysis outlined in this Historic Resources Report beginning on page 30, 2395
Pebble Beach Drive meets two of the seven eligibility criteria for designation as a Class 1 Palm
Springs Historic Resource. The relevant criteria are outlined in Municipal Code Section
8.05.070.C.1.a: (iii) Exemplifies a particular period in local history; and (v) Presents the work of
master architects, each whose individual genius influenced their age (i.e. peers, profession), and
possess high artistic value.
Additionally, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive retains a “high degree” of historic integrity as outlined in
Municipal Code Section 8.05.070.C.1.b in terms of Design, Materials, Workmanship, Location,
Setting, Feeling, and Association (see Section 7, “Integrity Analysis”).
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Statement of Significance
____________________________________________________________________________
Summary
Completed in 1965, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is located on Lot 45 of Tract 2808 Fairway Garden
Estates, which appears to have been the original name of the tract before it became known as
Green Fairway Estates. The Riverside County Assessor lists the home as having a total floor
space of 1,704 sq. ft with a 375 sq. ft addition on a 0.26-acre lot. The APN # is 681-242-008. The
home is located along the 7th fairway of the Tahquitz Creek Golf Course formerly known as the
Palm Springs Municipal Golf Course.
A portion of the tract map of Green Fairway Estates showing the location of 2395 Pebble Beach
Drive. Note that the street was known as San Jose Way at the time of the map’s production.
9
Green Fairway Estates Pre-History
If plans had gone through, the site of Green Fairway Estates would
have been a major thoroughbred horse racing complex.
(Via Desert Sun 6/11/1953)
The site of the Green Fairway Estates tract was originally part of a tract of approximately 332
acres owned by Palm Springs pioneers Pearl and Austin McManus. In 1953, this property became
the proposed site of the multimillion-dollar Palm Springs Turf Club, a thoroughbred horse racing
venue that would include a 5,000-seat grandstand, clubhouse with a capacity of 2,000 guests,
and terraces that could hold an additional 15,000. The plans resulted in a fierce debate within
Palm Springs that lasted nearly 5 years before the State Horse Racing Board’s decision to deny
the application was affirmed by the Court of Appeals.
In 1958, the old race track site was purchased by the Westview Development Corporation which
announced plans to turn the site into a $15,000,000 luxury golf resort to be known as the Palm
Springs Golf Club. The plans included an 18-hole championship golf course designed by
Lawrence Hughes, 240 garden cottages, 300 fairway homesites, a “major” resort hotel, shopping
center and club house. “This is unquestionably the biggest project ever undertaken in the Palm
Springs area,” declared Westview’s vice president and prominent Palm Springs resident Frank
Bogert. “Nothing this size has ever been planned before.”
By midway 1958, the ambitious plans were proving to be too ambitious for Westview, which was
struggling to continue financing the project as they worked to complete the golf course. At this
time a solution appeared in the form of the City of Palm Springs, which had long desired to have
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a public golf course but no suitable site had ever been found. The Palm Springs Golf Club site
proved to be the right option at the right time for both Palm Springs and Westview and in February
1959, a lease with option to purchase agreement was signed between the parties. Ultimately,
Palm Springs did exercise its option to purchase the course, which today is known as the Tahquitz
Creek Golf Course, and continues to be open to the public.
While the city had taken control of the course itself, the surrounding land remained in the hands
of Westview Development Corporation, which continued with their plans to subdivide the property
into different homesites. The tract, known as the Palm Springs Golf Club tract (Units 101-103),
was developed along the western side of the property and included Broadmoor Drive, Brentwood
Drive, Bob O Link Drive, Cherry Hills Drive, Menlo Circle and Oswego Circle. This tract was
developed between 1959-1965, with original homes designed by prominent Los Angeles architect
William M. Bray.
Green Fairway Estates
George and Bob Alexander taken from the Green Fairway Estates sales brochure.
In November 1964, attention finally turned to the east side of the golf course property with the
announcement of plans for a new subdivision to be called Green Fairway Estates. Officially
designated as Tract 2808, this subdivision would be developed not by Westview, but rather the
Alexander Construction Company, a virtual guarantee of high quality.
After decades of development experience in the San Fernando Valley and other parts of the Los
Angeles area, George Alexander shifted his focus on the rapidly developing Coachella Valley. In
1955, his company, the Alexander Construction Company which he ran with his son Robert,
began building homes in Palm Springs. The Alexanders had arrived in Palm Springs at a time
when it was on the cusp of its greatest popularity with demand for homes far exceeding
availability. And while Palm Springs had originally been the playground of the wealthy, by the
1950s it was drawing the middle class who were seeking their own place in the sun.
The Alexanders started out with a series of relatively modest sized homes in South Palm Springs,
but continued to upgrade with each new development. The Alexanders had plenty of competition
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from such prolific builders as Jack Meiselman and Roy and, in order to set their homes apart, they
invested in the services of architects, most often Palmer & Krisel, to create the model designs of
their various tracts.
The success of the Alexanders hinged on a rare balance between architectural artistry and an
assembly-line efficiency with materials standardized, pre-cut, labeled, and transported to the site
as a kit. In his book, The Alexanders: A Desert Legacy (Palm Springs Preservation Foundation.
2011), author James R. Harlan writes, “The techniques that the Alexanders used to build their
projects set the Alexander Construction Company apart from other Palm Springs builders.” The
results spoke for themselves with Alexander homes being so well received they began being
referred to as “Alexanders,” a mark of distinction which has carried through to this day.
By the time they embarked on Green Fairway Estates, the Alexanders had completed more than
2,000 homes in the Coachella Valley, with their tracts literally doubling the size of Palm Springs.
The prospects for continuing their prolific development actives seemed exceedingly bright.
However, it ended suddenly and tragically with the deaths of both George and Robert Alexander
in a plane crash on November 14, 1965. Green Fairway Estates would prove to be their last tract
development. While modest in scope and comparatively little known to other Alexander
developments, Green Fairway Estates remains as a hidden gem encapsulating the legacy of high-
quality architecture and construction found in every Alexander tract.
The cover of the original Green Fairways Estates sales brochure. Note how the Palm Springs
Municipal Golf Course has been glamourized into “championship.”
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Planning for Green Fairway Estates began with the division of the land into lots, the laying out of
roads, and the installation of utilities, which were all placed underground to avoid unsightly wires
and poles. The tract was relatively small, with 55 lots, but the lot sizes were generous and each
of the sites would abut directly onto the golf course. Essentially, there is only one street, which
makes its way through the tract in a reverse L fashion. However, the east-west portion was named
Lakeside Drive, with the north-south portion designated as Pebble Beach Drive. These streets
were named after famous golf courses, a continuation of theme started in the adjacent Palm
Springs Golf Club tract.
With the tract laid out, attention was now devoted to the homes to be built upon it. The Alexanders
were interested in creating homes that would be geared towards full-time rather than seasonal
residents and wanted the homes designed accordingly. While today this is the norm, in 1965 it
was an unusual and far-sighted decision. The homes would therefore be more generous in size,
larger rooms, bigger closets, more storage space, and be comfortable even in the hot summer
months.
The Model Designs
To design the Green Fairway Estates homes, the Alexanders turned not to Palmer & Krisel or
Charles E. DuBois who had done Vista Las Palmas, but rather to Donald Wexler. Wexler proved
to be the right architect for the commission, creating a group of homes that went beyond that of a
standardized tract with the look and feel of a custom design.
The architect created a total of 9 separate model designs for Green Fairway Estates, a high figure
especially considering the relatively modest tract size. The 9 different designs, which could be
flipped, gave an overall total of 18, providing Green Fairway Estates with a high degree of
individuality as only a few of each model type would appear in the entire development.
Like the tract’s streets, the 9 model plans were named after famous golf clubs from around the
world - St. Andrews; Gleneagles; Capilano; Royal Melbourne; Hague; Belhi; St. Cloud; Maracaibo;
Wentworth; and Royal Singapore (4-bedroom model).
Architecturally, the homes ranged from conventional Midcentury Modern design to verging on the
exotic with Polynesian/Southeast Asian references on the Royal Singapore and Belhi; and an
almost pueblo feel for the Capilano. Decades later, Wexler denied being responsible for the more
exotic aspects on several of the models, believing they likely came at the request of the
Alexanders. The diversity of the plans has greatly helped to enhance the allure of Green Fairway
Estates, separating apart from much of what was being done at other developments.
While Wexler would give each design its own unique look, the interiors on all plans would largely
be duplicate in both the 3- and 4-bedroom versions. The floorplan was divided roughly into the
form of the letter H with a distinct separation between public and private spaces. Connecting the
spaces was a central entry, which also serves as the gateway to the atrium and rear grounds.
The use of glass was extensive, particularly on the golf course facing facades. The architect also
made generous use of stonework in all the models both in the exterior and continuing into the
interior.
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This plan of a “St. Andrews” model shows the basic layout for all 9 model plans with clear and
logical division of spaces and ease of circulation.
Other features touted by the Alexanders included:
• Floor-to-ceiling double entrance doors
• Free-standing fireplaces
• Sunken “Roman” tubs in the master bath
• Garages built wide enough to accommodate golf carts
• Impressive views of Mt. San Jacinto
• You own the land
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The Architecture of 2395 Pebble Beach Drive
A sketch of a “Wentworth,” from the Wexler archives at the
Palm Springs Architecture and Design Museum.
2395 Pebble Beach Drive is an essential component of the Green Fairway Estates and is one of
only 5 such residences that were completed in the “Wentworth” style. It is one of the most intact
examples of the type sustaining only one notable addition in 2021 when an existing patio behind
the garage was filled in to create a 375 sq. ft. “casita.” While new, the Casita placement aligns it
with the floorplan of the original “Royal Singapore” 4-bedroom model from 1965.
A comparison between the early sketch and a contemporary image shows 2395 Pebble Beach to
be virtually unchanged with exception of a slatted Brise Soleil shading the bedroom windows on
the right.
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The East (Street) Façade
The residence is a classic example of Midcentury Modern architecture as adapted to the desert
environment by Donald Wexler. The architect created a sleek, low-slung structure, thoroughly
modern, yet he artfully connected it to the natural environment through the artistic use of rustic
stacked stone timelessly mellowed with “desert varnish.” The bold stone wall with its trapezoid
shape following the slope of the roof was used to anchor the east end of the living room.
A view facing south showing how Wexler provided
an enormous 9-bay floor-to-ceiling window without sacrificing privacy.
Interestingly, rather than having a large picture window facing the street as might be expected in
a more conventional design, Wexler used the wall to hide windows on either side to provide the
occupants with bright light while maintaining the maximum of privacy. Only 2 small windows
directly face the street giving a design that spiritually turns its back from the outside world and,
instead, faces the rear, for both privacy and expansive views onto the golf course and the dramatic
mountain backdrop beyond.
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Beams were extended outwards from the ends of the facades providing
both visual interest while furthering the perception of low -slung horizontality.
The “H” floorplan created a recessed entry helping to transition from the
outside world into the privacy of the interior. Note the step up to the double doors
and the pair of narrow strip windows framing the sides.
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The West (Rear) Façade
This view of the rear façade shows how Wexler opened the home up with extensive windows and
glass doors. Here the H plan creates a sunny yet sheltered atrium.
The owners’ dog faithfully guards the atrium which can be accessed through either the kitchen,
center hall or study. Note the exposed beams connecting the 2 wings and creating a 4th “wall for
the atrium.
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A view of the atrium from inside the kitchen looking across the study room. Note the opaque glass
door on the right. It leads to the 2nd bathroom. Wexler thoughtfully added this door so one wouldn’t
have to go all the way through the house to use the restroom, one of the many small details
Wexler included in his design. (Below) The view facing west from the atrium.
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The North Façade
This façade is largely hidden from view by the adjoining property and it is where utility boxes are
located. Yet, it holds a surprise in the form of a small alcove filled with plants, that provides the
secret garden view for the master bathroom’s “Roman” tub.
Note the glass wall of the Roman tub.
Inside, the Roman tub still retains its colorful vintage tiles.
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The South Façade
This façade is largely unseen owing to the closeness between the adjacent property and it marks
the garage side of the house. Yet, it features the deep overhanging eaves as seen elsewhere.
The wall is clad in vertical board. While the dramatic stonework is the homes most notable exterior
finish, Wexler used a combination of cladding to add visual interest to the design including the
stonework, vertical boards, and stucco finishing.
The vertical board cladding seen here on the home’s south façade was used at different places
throughout the exterior.
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The floorplan for 2395 Pebble Beach, which includes the 2022 Casita addition, shows the clear
division of space with ease of access between rooms and indoors and out.
The Interior
2395 Pebble Beach Drive’s well thought-out interior layout was intended to provide a flexible living
arrangement that blended indoor and outdoor living. The design’s most notable feature was its
“H” plan which created a distinct separation between the public and private spaces. The center
hall connected both sides and served as a gateway either to the street or into the atrium and the
rear of the property. This arrangement made the home excellent for entertaining. Guests arriving
for a garden or pool party could go straight from the front door into the rear. If a party was held
indoors, the living room was so well separated from the bedrooms, that anyone in that section
would not be disturbed.
Wexler made the choice to elevate the center hall so that one had to step up to it or step down
into the living room. This furthered the sense of separation between spaces and made the high-
ceilinged living room feel even larger.
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The entry hall looking north towards the bedroom wing. Note how one could enter through the
front doors and immediately step back outdoors if desired. (Below) Turning south, the entry looks
into the living room and its unique “inverted champagne glass” fireplace. It has been reported that
a number of these original fireplaces have been removed from other homes, making this a rare
survivor.
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Further views showing the floor-to-ceiling window on the north, which brings in a flood of light
without sacrificing privacy.
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West of the living room is the open plan dining room/kitchen. In its original configuration, the
kitchen was galley style with a solid wall facing the living. Later owners opened the space to create
a breakfast bar style counter space rising to waist level, which allows the view to continue
uninterrupted north/south. The over-the-sink window looks out across the rear pool/garden to the
mountains beyond. The north wall of the kitchen is glazed with a large double-pane window and
sliding door offering both views and access into the central atrium.
The kitchen windows/door looks out over the atrium and master bedroom beyond. Note, how
these spaces are arranged to allow one to move about from wing to wing without having to use
the center hall.
The bedroom wing consists of 3 bedrooms and 2 baths. The master bedroom is large enough to
allow a sitting area. A sliding glass door allows direct access to the outdoors. The master bath is
ensuite and retains its original 1965 “Roman” tub feature. The 2 other bedrooms share the bath
across the hall, which also has direct access to the outdoors. All bedrooms are provided with
ample closet space befitting a home intended for “year-round” living.
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Changes and Additions Over Time
While 2395 Pebble Beach Drive retains much of its original integrity, certain changes have taken
place over time. Most of these have been relatively minor such as kitchen cabinetry, and certain
floor surfaces. However, it appears certain other changes were made that are not reflected in the
available building permits, but are evidenced in photographs and news articles. Details are lacking
owing to the dearth of documentation; however, it appears that at some point in possibly the
1990s-early 2000s, the original solid front doors were replaced by wooden models that featured
fan lights as well as the addition of a hexagonal window on the front façade, opening from
Bedroom 2. Further, a metal entry gate was put at the front entry. There may have been others,
but this information comes from a single photograph from a real estate advertisement. The
changes were highly inappropriate, diminishing the home’s original character, and negatively
impacting its classic Midcentury design.
By 2012, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive had been drained of its original Midcentury pizazz.
Fortunately, these changes were cosmetic and reversible. When the home was purchased by
Robin Rorex and Jen Gagner, they set about returning the house to its 1965 appearance.
Fortunately, they had several other “Wentworths” to use as examples. The hexagon window and
metal gate were removed and the Home Depot style doors were replaced with duplicates of the
original 1965 doors. The couple also replaced many, if not all of the aluminum framed windows,
but did so to match the originals. They appear to have replaced some of the non-original floors
as well. The couple also reworked the green spaces, removing inappropriate plantings for more
fitting specimens. They also added a tanning shelf and spa into the 1966 swimming pool and
190 linear feet of concrete block wall around the property.
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By the time of its purchase by Adam and Juli Cavnar in 2019, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive had
been returned to its original 1965 aura.
Comparisons with the previous photo reveal a dramatic difference.
Under the current owners, an addition of 28 photovoltaic panels on the home’s roof was put in in
2020. They also made a significant addition to the home in the form of what was dubbed a
“Casita,” in 2021-2022. This is an addition of 375 sq. ft that included a flexible living/work space,
a bathroom, as well as a laundry room and storage for the house. This addition was carefully
planned and designed to seamlessly match the look of the rest of the house, using the same style
of windows and exterior cladding as found elsewhere. The Casita addition was created by filling
in an existing patio space located by the kitchen and rear of the garage. Because it filled existing
space, almost no demolition was required. The addition was designed by architect Robin
Abrahams and built by Shields Construction. In her plans, Abrahams sought to make the addition
appear indistinguishable from the existing house surrounding it.
In his original plans, Donald Wexler created floorplans for both 3- and 4-bedroom models. On the
3-bedroom model, a space was created for a patio at the rear. On the 4-bedroom design, the
same space was the location of the 4th bedroom. The new addition added in 2020, filled the space
in the same way the 4th bedroom model would have done.
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Views of the Casita addition and how it relates to the existing structure.
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Site Plan of 2395 Pebble Beach Drive
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Character defining features
• An emphasis on horizontality with low slung, pitched roof
• Extensive use of natural rock in both exterior and interior spaces
• Trapezoid stone wall at front
• Vertical cladding over much of the façade
• An artful blending of indoor-outdoor spaces
• Impressive and uninterrupted views to the west of both the golf course and Mt. San
Jacinto
• Recessed entry with solid double doors
• Exposed beams visible across the facades and extending outwards
• Deep overhanging eaves
• Extensive use of glazing in the form of aluminum-framed windows and doors
• Atrium patio
• Mailbox built to match rock walls of main house
• “Champagne glass” fireplace
• Flexible floorplan with distinct separation of public and private spaces
Contributing Elements:
• Main structure of the home with low-slung asymmetrically pitched roof
• Original stacked stone cladding
• Original vertical board siding
• Post-and-beam construction
• Original 1966 Prestige swimming pool
• Exterior atrium
• Extended beams
• Mature palm trees at front and rear of property
• Stone mailbox
Non-Contributing Elements:
• Casita addition
• Non-original hardscaping
• Replacement windows and doors
• Spa and tanning shelf
• Concrete block perimeter walls
• Rooftop photovoltaic system
• Brise soleil at front facade
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BACKGROUND / HISTORIC CONTEXT
The relatively short history of Palm Springs can be organized into several distinct periods, as
defined by the Historic Resources Group’s Citywide Historic Context Statement & Survey
Findings. These include the following:
• Native American Settlement to 1969
• Early Development (1884-1918)
• Palm Springs between the Wars (1919-1941)
• Palm Springs During World War II (1939-1945)
• Post-World War II Palm Springs (1945-1969)
It is within the context of the period “Post-World War II Palm Springs” that 2395 Pebble Beach
Drive will be evaluated. The following context statement is edited from Historic Resource Group’s
Citywide Historic Context Statement & Survey Findings: Post-World War II Palm Springs (1945-
1969):
This context explores the post-World War II boom and related development that left Palm Springs
with what many consider the most extensive and finest concentration of mid-20th century Modern
architecture in the United States. Hollywood film stars and Eastern industrialists were joined in
the postwar decades by ever increasing numbers of tourists. The growing prosperity of the
postwar years and the rise of the car culture created a leisured, mobile middle class that sought,
in Palm Springs, the “good life” that had previously been available only to the wealthy. This surge
of visitors and seasonal residents—by 1951 the city’s winter population swelled to almost 30,000
from a permanent population of 7,660—coincided with the peak of Modernism’s popularity.
The population growth accelerated in the 1950s, bringing a demand for civic necessities such as
schools, libraries, museums, a city hall and police headquarters, offices, stores, and housing.
Palm Springs' growth as a tourist destination brought a demand for inns, resorts, and tourist
attractions. Tourism also introduced a demand for affordable second homes for a growing middle
class; the construction and financing methods for building such mass-produced housing tracts
were already developing in suburban areas of larger cities, including nearby Los Angeles, and
found a ready market in Palm Springs. Though Palm Springs was a smaller municipality, this
economic climate provided many opportunities for locally based architects, as well as several Los
Angeles architects, to explore and develop a wide range of architectural types and ideas,
sometimes influenced by sophisticated global design trends. These conditions and the architects'
talents lead to the development of an exceptional group of Modern buildings which later came to
be identified as “Palm Springs Modernism” or “The Palm Springs School.”
The desert climate and casual lifestyle all but demanded unconventional design, and clients were
more accepting of, even sought out, a more adventurous style in the resort atmosphere of Palm
Springs than they would have in their primary residences. In the two decades after the war, Palm
Springs was transformed with new commercial and institutional buildings, custom homes, and a
large number of housing tracts.
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EVALUATION:
Criterion 1: Significant Events - The resource is associated with events that have made a
meaningful contribution to the nation, state or community: 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is not
affiliated with significant events and does not qualify under Criterion 1.
Criterion 2: Significant Persons - The resource is associated with the lives of persons who
made a meaningful contribution to national, state, or local history: Although 2395 Pebble
Beach Drive was built by George and Robert Alexander and designed by Donald Wexler, all three
highly significant figures in Palm Springs and beyond, they were only responsible for its initial
construction and had no further association once the home was completed and sold. The home’s
first owners, Richard and Signe Holechek were prominent figures in their respective professions
but neither individual rise to the level of a significant person. Therefore, 2395 Pebble Beach
Drive is not affiliated with significant persons and does not qualify under Criterion 2.
Criterion 3: The resource reflects or exemplifies a particular period of national, state, or
local history: 2395 Pebble Beach Drive, designed and completed in 1965, exhibits many stylistic
markers that place it directly in the historical context of Palm Springs’ “Post-World War II Palm
Springs” period. This home was designed as one of 5 “Wentworth” models in the Green Fairway
Estates tract. And while it is ostensibly a tract home it nonetheless represents a prime example
of significant Postwar architecture for which Palm Springs is internationally known. Palm Springs’
architectural legacy is based, not only on custom work, but tract developments as well. Certain
tracts, particularly those of the Alexanders, were built of the highest quality and designed by the
finest architects, and they are studied and admired by architecture enthusiasts the same way as
custom designs from the same period. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is a notable component of such
a high-quality development, built by the Alexander Construction Company and designed by major
Midcentury architect Donald Wexler. Green Fairway Estates and 2395 Pebble Beach Drive with
its classic Modern styling represent the high-watermark of Midcentury Palm Springs tract
development. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive may be viewed as an essential component of the
historical trends that have come to define Palm Springs’ image as a center of notable Modern
architecture and landscape architecture, i.e., a historical movement that exemplifies a particular
period of the national, state, or local history. As a remarkably intact example of this period,
2395 Pebble Beach Drive qualifies for listing as a Class 1 Historic Resource on the local
registry under Criterion 3.
Criterion 4: The resource embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
method of construction: 2395 Pebble Beach Drive was built using simple but high-quality
materials and conventional building methods. Because this Criterion looks for distinctive, unique,
or unusual methods of construction, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive does not qualify for listing as
a Class 1 Historic Resource on the local registry under Criterion 4.
Criterion 5: The resource presents the work of a master builder, designer, artist, or
architect whose individual genius influenced his or her age; or that possesses high artistic
value: High artistic values may be expressed in many ways, including areas as diverse as
community design or planning, engineering, and sculpture. 2395 Pebble Beach was built by
George and Robert Alexander, two of the most prolific and influential developers ever to work in
Palm Springs and the Coachella Valley. They brought a high standard of both quality and artistry
to their developments, elevating the overall architectural legacy of Palm Springs. The home’s
architect, Donald Wexler, is considered among the very top figures in Desert Modern architecture.
2395 Pebble Beach Drive showcases the combined talents of this Master architect in post-and-
beam construction, innovative and flexible floor plan, and bold use of stacked stonework.
33
Therefore, for its distinctive characteristics representing the Midcentury Modern style, as
the work of both master builders and a master architect, and its high artistic values, 2395
Pebble Beach Drive qualifies as a Class 1 Historic Resource under Criterion 5.
Criterion 6: (That represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
individual distinction). This Criterion was created to address the resources contained within a
potential historic district, and as such, it does not apply to this nomination. Hence, 2395 Pebble
Beach Drive does not qualify under Criterion 6.
Criterion 7: (That has yielded or may be likely to yield information important to the national, state
or local history or prehistory.) 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is not likely to yield information important
to the national, state or local history or prehistory. Hence, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive does not
qualify under Criterion 7.
SUMMARY: This evaluation finds 2395 Pebble Beach Drive eligible for listing as a Palm
Springs Historic Resource under 8.05.070 C.1. a., paragraphs 3 and 5 of the local
ordinance’s seven criteria. Integrity Analysis (using US Secretary of Interior Standards)
INTEGRITY ANALYSIS
Integrity is the ability of a property to convey its significance. To be listed in the local registry, a
property must not only be shown to be significant under the criteria, but it also must have integrity.
The evaluation of integrity is sometimes a subjective judgment, but it must always be grounded
in an understanding of a property's physical features and how they relate to its significance.
Historic properties either retain integrity (that is, convey their significance) or they do not. The
definition of integrity includes seven aspects or qualities. To retain historic integrity a property will
always possess several, and usually most, of the aspects. The retention of specific aspects of
integrity is paramount for a property to convey its significance. Determining which of these aspects
are most important to a particular property requires knowing why, where, and when the property
is significant. The following sections define the seven aspects and explain how they combine to
produce integrity.
DESIGN
Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a
property. It results from conscious decisions made during the original conception and planning of
a property and applies to activities as diverse as community planning, engineering, architecture,
and landscape architecture. Design includes such elements as organization of space, proportion,
scale, technology, ornamentation, and materials. A property’s design reflects historic functions
and technologies as well as aesthetics. It includes such considerations as the structural system;
massing; arrangement of spaces; pattern of fenestration; textures and colors of surface materials;
type, amount, and style of ornamental detailing. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive’s essential
characteristics of form, plan, space, structure, and style have survived largely intact.
Similarly, the structural system; massing; arrangement of spaces; pattern of fenestration;
and the type, amount, and style of detailing have survived almost entirely intact. While
new windows and doors were added at an unspecified date, they followed the same spaces
and design of their originals and do not alter the original look of the home. A 2022 Casita
addition, which was designed to match and integrate into the home’s original style, was
created by the enclosing of an already-extant patio. Therefore, the overall footprint of the
structure was not changed. As such, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive continues to reflect the
same Midcentury Modern style architecture, design elements such as stacked stone and
34
board cladding; extensive use of aluminum-framed windows and doors, etc., first
introduced by master architect Donald Wexler in 1965.
MATERIALS
Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a period and in a
particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. The choice and combination of
materials reveals the preferences of those who created the property and indicate the availability
of types of materials and technologies. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive’s materials represent the
best in Midcentury Modern design, with high-quality stacked stonework, vertical board
cladding, concrete, stucco, and wooden beams. Even those elements that have been
replaced such as aluminum framed doors and windows utilize the same materials as the
originals. The type of materials used on 2395 Pebble Beach Drive have remained
essentially intact and continue to express the physical elements as designed during the
building’s period of significance; the pattern and configuration that today forms the
residence survives intact.
WORKMANSHIP
Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a culture or people during any given period
in history or prehistory. It is the evidence of artisans’ labor and skill in constructing or altering a
building, structure, object, or site. Workmanship can apply to the property as a whole or to its
individual components. It can be expressed in vernacular methods of construction and plain
finishes or in highly sophisticated configurations and ornamental detailing. It can be based on
common traditions or innovative period techniques. Workmanship is important because it can
furnish evidence of the technology of a craft, illustrate the aesthetic principles of a historic or
prehistoric period, and reveal individual, local, regional, or national applications of both
technological practices and aesthetic principles. Examples of workmanship in historic buildings
include tooling, carving, painting, graining, turning, and joinery. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is
exemplary in the masterful way native stone was used on both the exterior and inside as
a floor-to-ceiling fireplace surround. The intricate assembly of the stonework into an
architectural statement is clear evidence of skilled craftsmanship.
LOCATION
Location is the place where a historic property was constructed or the place where a historic event
occurred. The relationship between the property and its location is often important to understand
why the property was created or why something happened. The actual location of a historic
property, complemented by its setting, is particularly important in recapturing the sense of historic
events and persons. Except in rare cases, the relationship between a property and its historic
associations is destroyed if the property is moved. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive remains in its
original location and, therefore, qualifies in this aspect.
35
SETTING
Setting is the physical environment of a historic property. Whereas location refers to the specific
place where a property was built or an event occurred, setting refers to the character of the place
in which the property played its historical role. It involves how, not just where, the property is
situated and its relationship to surrounding features and open space. Setting often reflects the
basic physical conditions under which a property was built and the functions it was intended to
serve. In addition, the way in which a property is positioned in its environment can reflect the
designer’s concept of nature and aesthetic preferences. 2395 was built in the Green Fairway
Estates tract, which was developed so homesites would take advantage of their golf
course setting and the spectacular views sweeping to the mountains beyond. No new
structures have been built on any side of 2395 Pebble Beach Drive, which could impact its
original setting. Thus, its setting remains intact.
FEELING
Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period. It results
from the presence of physical features that, taken together, convey the property’s historic
character. For example, a rural historic district retaining original design, materials, workmanship,
and setting will relate the feeling of agricultural life in the nineteenth century. When it was
completed in 1965, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive was intended to provide a comfortable and
stylish desert home that allowed its occupants to take full advantage of an 18-hole
championship golf course right at its back door. The golfing leisure lifestyle, an iconic
image from Midcentury Palm Springs, was exhibited in the design and location of 2395
Pebble Beach Drive when it was completed in 1965. Today, the home continues to reflect
that exact same aesthetic. Accordingly, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive retains its original
integrity of feeling.
ASSOCIATION
Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.
A property retains association if it is the place where the event or activity occurred and is
sufficiently intact to convey that relationship to an observer. Like feeling, association requires the
presence of physical features that convey a property’s historic character. For example, a
Revolutionary War battlefield whose natural and man-made elements have remained intact since
the eighteenth century will retain its quality of association with the battle. Because feeling and
association depend on individual perceptions, their retention alone is never sufficient to support
the eligibility of a property for the National Register. 2395 Pebble Beach Drive is an important
example of a high-quality Midcentury Modern private residence in Palm Springs.
Accordingly, it continues its association with a pattern of events that have made a
meaningful contribution to the community. As a prime component of the Green Fairway
Estates tract, the last to be developed by the prolific George and Robert Alexander, as well
as its design by the famed Donald Wexler, 2395 Pebble Beach Drive helps to tell the history
of the Midcentury Modern phase of the development of Palm Springs, especially the critical
role tract house development played in that era.
36
INTEGRITY SUMMARY
2395 Pebble Beach Drive appears to be in excellent condition partially due to the use of
construction materials suitable for the harsh desert environment and its overall design. This
analysis confirms that the building and site of 2395 Pebble Beach Drive still possesses all seven
aspects of integrity. In summary, the site exhibits sufficient integrity to qualify for
designation as a Class 1 Historic Site.
37
Bibliography
Attached is a list of books, articles, and other sources cited or consulted in preparing this
application and other documentation that may be relevant.
Books
Bricker, Lauren Weiss and Sidney Williams: Steel and Shade: The Architecture of
Donald Wexler.
Palm Springs, CA; Palm Springs Art Museum, 2011.
Cygelman, Adele. Palm Springs Modern: Houses in the California Desert.
New York, NY; Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1999.
Harlan, James R.: The Alexanders: A Desert Legacy.
Palm Springs, CA; Palm Springs Preservation Foundation, 2011.
Hess, Alan: The Desert Modernists: The Architects Who Envisioned Midcentury Modern
Palm Springs.
Palm Springs, CA; Modernism Weekend Desert Publications, 2015.
Ibid, with Andrew Danish: Palm Springs Weekend: The Architecture and Design of a Midcentury
Oasis.
San Francisco, CA; Chronicle Books, 2001.
Keylon, Steven: The Modern Architecture of Hugh Kaptur.
Palm Springs, CA; Palm Springs Preservation Foundation, 2019.
McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses.
New York, NY; Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.
McGrew, Patrick: Donald Wexler: Architect
Palm Springs, CA; Palm Springs Preservation Foundation, 2010.
Magazines
Levitan, Jack: “Green Fairway Estates Tract, An Exotic, Quirky Hideaway, this tract recently
rediscovered its Alexander roots,” Eichler Network, www.eichlernetwork.com
Nolte, Jolene: “Neighborhood Renewal.” Atomic Ranch, pp. 108-109, Summer 2018.
“Green Fairway Estate,” Wikipedia
Newspapers
Various issues of:
Charlotte (NC) Observer
Desert Sun
Los Angeles Times
Orlando (FL) Evening Star
Orlando (FL) Sentinel
38
Redland Daily Facts
San Bernardino County Sun
Santa Barbara News Press
Santa Fe New Mexican
Los Angeles Times
Internet Resources
Accessingthepast.org
Ancestry.com
Calisphere
Desertmodernism.com
Eichlernetwork.com
Encyclopedia.com
Findagrave.com
Myheritage.com
Newspapers.com
Palmspringslife.com
Psmodcom.org
Pspreservationfoundation.org
Realtor.com
Social Security Death Index (SSDI)
Other Sources Consulted
Green Fairway Estates Sales Brochure, 1965, Alexander Construction Company.
Green Fairway Estates Tour Guide, Modernism Week, 2017.
Palm Springs Historical Society
City of Palm Springs (Planning and Building Departments)
Historic Resources Group. City of Palm Springs Citywide Historic Context Statement;
Survey Findings. Pasadena, 2015 (Final Draft, December 2018).
Riverside County Assessor’s Office
Tahquitz Creek Golf Neighborhood: Home Tour 2024, Modernism Week Tour Guide
39
Appendix I
Owner’s Notarized Letter of Support
40
41
Appendix II
Assessor Map
42
Appendix III
Google Earth Image
43
Appendix IV
Chain of Title
The subject of the following documentary transfers is the real property in the City of Palm
Springs, County of Riverside, State of California, described as Lot 45, Tract 2808, the
Fairway Garden Estates Tract, as per map recorded in Book 52, Page 42 of Maps, in the
office of the Riverside County Recorder, otherwise known as 2395 Pebble Beach Drive.
11-29-1965 Grant Deed: Fairway Garden Estates, a partnership, grants to Richard R.
Holechek and Signe M. Holechek, husband and wife, as joint tenants
02-15-1971 Quitclaim Deed: Richard Ray Holechek quitclaims to Signe M. Holechek
05-22-1974 Grant Deed: Signe M. Holechek to Barry Bleeck and Dorothy Bleeck,
husband and wife, as joint tenants
12-23-1980 Grant Deed: Barry Bleeck and Dorothy Bleeck grants to Richard P. Doane, an
unmarried man
01-02-1982 Quitclaim Deed: Richard P. Doane, an unmarried man, quitclaims to Jerome P.
Berenbeim and Phyllis M. Berenbeim, husband and wife, as joint tenants
Note: The above transfer does not appear to have taken effect. Doane went into
default on his loan payments on December 10, 1982 and the property was
foreclosed upon by T.M.C., Inc., a California Corporation.
05-26-1983 Trustee’s Deed: T.M.C., Inc., a California Corporation grants to Barry Bleeck
and Dorothy Bleeck, husband and wife, by way of a Trustee’s Deed. Grantee is
stated as being foreclosing beneficiary
06-04-1984 Grant Deed: Barry Bleeck and Dorothy Bleeck, husband and wife, as
community property, grants to Laurence J. Smith and Marilyn I. Smith, as
community property
05-24-1989 Grant Deed: Laurence J. Smith and Marilyn I. Smith, as community property,
grants to Douglas Wayne Blackstock and Mary H. Blackstock, husband and
wife as joint tenants
08-06-2012 Affidavit of Death: Douglas Wayne Blackstock, deceased, Mary H. Blackstock,
beneficiary
08-06-2012 Quitclaim Deed: Mary H. Blackstock quitclaims to Mary H. Blackstock Trust
11-02-2012 Grant Deed: Mary H. Blackstock Trust grants to Robin L. Rorex
05-30-2019 Grant Deed: Robin L. Rorex grants to Adam Cavnar and Juli Savitt-Cavnar
07-17-2020 Quitclaim Deed: Adam Cavnar to Cavnar Family Trust
44
Appendix V
Building Permits
Date Permit
No.
Owner Architect/
contractor
Type of work
06/17/1965 B8243 Alexander Construction
Co.
Donald Wexler (not
on permit)
Alexander
Construction Co.
Residence and garage
07/29/1965 A1289 Alexander Construction
Co.
Illegible Electrical
07/29/1965 B5057 Alexander Construction
Co.
Illegible Plumbing
07/29/1965 B5099 Alexander Construction
Co.
Illegible Plumbing
01/17/1966 B8854 Richard R. Holechek Prestige Pools Swimming pool
05/13/1975 A3375 Barry Bleeck Hendrickson Sewer line, 4” clay pipe
12/29/1975 B9519 Barry Bleeck Concrete block wall,
100 linear ft., 30” high,
at rear of property
10/02/1979 B1682 Barry Bleeck H & H Roofing Re-roofing
01/20/1989 B14632 Larry Smith Semans Plumbing Hot water pipe
05/30/1989 B15573 Mr. Blackstock P.S.I. Relocate pool
equipment
05/18/1990 B18152 Blackstone (sic) Phillip Barnes Rooftop evaporative
cooler
07/05/1990 B18524 D.E. (sic) Blackstock Bob’s Roofing Re-roofing
09/26/2013 2013-
2822
Robin Rorex Rammell
Construction
Spa and tanning shelf;
new equipment and
gas line; 190 LF of 5’
high block wall
01/22/2020 2020-
214
Juli Cavnar Renova Energy 28 photovoltaic panels
01/29/2020 2020-
310
Juli Cavnar Renova Energy Panel upgrade from
100a to 225a
10/19/2021 2021-
4662
Juli Cavnar Shields Residential Attached casita:
bedroom, bath, and
laundry
02/24/2023 2023-
774
Juli Cavnar Renova Energy Battery (A/C coupled
storage system)
45
Appendix VI
First Owners Biography
Richard R. Holechek (1930-2005) and Signe M. Holechek (1937- )
Owners from 1965-1974
The Holecheks bought the famed Stanley Hotel in Estes Park,
Colorado while living at 2395 Pebble Beach Drive.
(Via Wikipedia)
The first owners of 2395 Pebble Beach Drive were Richard R. and Signe M. Holechek, a couple
in their mid-30s, who purchased the newly-built home in 1965. They were also the ones who
installed the swimming pool in 1966.
Holechek had been born in Nebraska in 1930. In 1960, he accepted a position with the Los
Angeles office of the national brokerage firm of Eastman, Dillman, Union Securities & Co. In 1961,
he joined the Redlands office of the firm. However, the following year, he switched over to the
Redlands office of William R. Staats & Co. after Eastman, Dillman, Union Securities & Co. closed
their California offices. In 1967, Holechek moved again, this time taking a position as resident
manager of the Riverside branch of Walston & Co., Inc.
Signe Holechek was not content to be a housewife and was very active in several organizations
including the American Association of University Women (AAUW). In 1967, Signe served as
chairperson of the 11th Annual Palm Springs Home Tour sponsored by the AAUW. Its theme that
year was “Treasures from Around the World”
Signe was also a talented and dedicated artist active in the Palm Springs art community and the
Desert Art Center. In 1966, she won a special award at the DAC exhibition for her work, “Barn
and Fence.” Signe’s work was shown at various exhibitions including the Water Color West
exhibition in 1969. There, she came in first place with the abstract painting, “Boats and Birds,”
which, according the Redlands Daily Facts, “validates the statement that abstract painting is akin
to music.” And, at that same event, she won the “Purchase Award” for “Oregon Pier.”
46
In 1968, the Holecheks, along with Charles F. Hanson and Carol Hanson Pick also of Palm
Springs, purchased for $1.3 million the historic Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado, which
would later become the inspiration of Stephen King’s novel, The Shining.
In 1973, Holechek was a principal investor in the $6.8 million Spanish Oaks condominium
complex in Titusville, FL. In 1974, he was a partner in the development of the 178-room Spanish
Inns Motel in Charlotte, North Carolina. Both the Holecheks had begun buying properties in
Florida starting in the mid-1960s Florida including 112 acres near Lake Cecile in Kissimmee and
152 acres south of Kissimmee.
It appears the couple divorced around 1974, which is perhaps what precipitated their sale of 2395
Pebble Beach Drive. Richard remarried in 1980 and Signe moved to the art colony at Santa Fe,
New Mexico where she opened her own gallery.
47
When not painting or buying hotels, Signe proved to be quite the angler.
(Via Desert Sun 9-15-1971)
48
Appendix VII
Chain of Ownership
1965-1974 Richard R. Holechek and Signe M. Holechek
1974-1980 Barry Bleeck and Dorothy Bleeck
1980-1982 Richard P. Doane
1982-1983 T.M.C., Inc.
1983-1984 Barry Bleeck and Dorothy Bleeck
1984-1989 Laurence J. Smith
1989-2010 Douglas Wayne Blackstock and Mary H. Blackstock
2010-2012 Mary H. Blackstock
2012-2019 Robin L. Rorex and Jennifer Lynn Rorex
2019- Adam Cavnar and Juli Savitt-Cavnar
49
Appendix VIII
Biography of Donald Wexler, F.A.I.A
Donald Wexler around the time of his work at Green Fairway Estates.
Biography by Adam Cavnar
Donald Allen Wexler was a pioneering architect who made significant contributions to mid-century
modern architecture, particularly in Palm Springs, California. His innovative designs and use of
materials helped shape the distinctive Desert Modern style that Palm Springs is known for.
Early Life and Education
Donald Wexler was born on January 23, 1926, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota He grew up in
Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he developed an early interest in architecture and design. After
serving in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946 during World War II, Wexler returned home and
enrolled at the University of Minnesota on the G.I. Bill. He graduated in 1950 with a bachelor's
degree in architecture, laying the foundation for his future career. (Donald Wexler: Modernist-
Midcentury Britannica)
50
Early Career and Move to Palm Springs
Following his graduation, Wexler moved to Los Angeles, where he was hired by renowned
modernist architect Richard Neutra. This experience exposed him to cutting-edge architectural
concepts and techniques. In 1952, Wexler relocated to Palm Springs, a decision that would shape
the rest of his career and leave an indelible mark on the city's architectural landscape.In Palm
Springs, Wexler initially worked for William Cody, who introduced him to the Desert Modern
aesthetic. This regional adaptation of the International style focused on designs suited to the dry,
sunny climate of California and the Southwest. The principles Wexler learned during this period
would influence his work throughout his career. (Donald Wexler: Modernist-Midcentury
Britannica)
Partnership with Richard Harrison
In 1952, Wexler formed a partnership with Richard Harrison, establishing the architectural firm
Wexler & Harrison. This collaboration, which lasted until 1961, produced numerous significant
projects and innovations. One of their most notable achievements was the development of the
Steel Development Homes. (Donald Wexler: Modernist-Midcentury Britannica
Steel Development Homes
The Steel Development Homes project, initiated in 1960, was a groundbreaking venture that
showcased Wexler's innovative approach to architecture. Contracted by the George Alexander
Construction Company, Wexler and Harrison designed a neighborhood of all-steel homes at the
northern edge of Palm Springs. These homes were revolutionary in their use of prefabricated
components combined with standard construction methods. The Steel Development Homes were
designed to be affordable, quick to build, and well-suited to the desert climate. They featured a
streamlined, one-level design with floor-to-ceiling windows and sliding doors that seamlessly
integrated indoor and outdoor spaces. Unfortunately, rising steel costs halted the project after
only seven homes were built. Despite this, the Steel Development Homes have become
internationally acclaimed, with one (No. 2) being recognized by the National Register of Historic
Places in 2012. (Donald Wexler-Palm Springs Modern Committee)
Donald A. Wexler Associates
In 1963, Wexler established his own firm, Donald A. Wexler Associates. This marked the
beginning of a prolific period in his career, during which he designed numerous notable buildings
in Palm Springs. Some of his most significant works from this period include:
1. Royal Hawaiian Estates (1960)
2. Canyon Country Club (1963)
3. Custom home for singer Dinah Shore (1964)
4. Palm Springs International Airport (1965)
5. Raymond Cree Junior High School (1966)
6. Standard Oil Service Station (1966)
(Donald Wexler: Modernist-Midcentury Britannica
51
Architectural Philosophy and Style
Wexler's architectural philosophy was deeply rooted in functionalism and sustainability. He
believed in creating buildings that were not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical and well-
suited to their environment. His designs often incorporated elements that addressed the extreme
desert climate, demonstrating a keen understanding of sustainable architecture long before it
became a widespread concern. Key hallmarks of Wexler's style include:
1. Use of steel and glass as primary materials
2. Integration of indoor and outdoor spaces
3. Emphasis on horizontal lines and clean, geometric forms
4. Incorporation of large windows and sliding glass doors
5. Attention to climate control through design elements like deep overhangs and strategic
orientation
6. Minimalist aesthetic with a focus on functionality
(Donald Wexler-Wikipedia)
Later Career and Recognition
Wexler continued to practice architecture in Palm Springs for almost six decades, retiring in
2002. Throughout his career and even after retirement, he received numerous accolades for his
contributions to architecture:
1. Named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 2004
2. Subject of the documentary "Journeyman Architect: The Life and Work of Donald
Wexler" in 2009
3. Honored with a retrospective exhibition, "Steel and Shade: The Architecture of Donald
Wexler," at the Palm Springs Art Museum in 2011
4. Awarded a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars in 2008
(Donald Wexler: Modernist-Midcentury Britannica
Legacy and Influence
Donald Wexler's impact on Palm Springs architecture and mid-century modern design is
immeasurable. His innovative use of steel in residential design and his sensitive approach to
desert architecture have influenced generations of architects. The enduring popularity of his
designs is evidenced by the continued interest in his work, including the purchase of his Dinah
Shore residence by actor Leonardo DiCaprio in 2014 for $5,230,000. (Donald Wexler-Wikipedia)
Wexler's legacy is also preserved through the Donald Wexler Collection, housed in the ENV
Archives-Special Collections at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. This collection
includes original presentation drawings, working drawings, photographs, and models, providing
a valuable resource for researchers and architecture enthusiasts.
52
Donald Wexler passed away on June 26, 2015, in Palm Desert, California, at the age of 89. His
contributions to architecture, particularly in Palm Springs, continue to be celebrated and studied,
cementing his place as one of the most influential architects of the mid-century modern
movement. (Palm Springs Art Museum-Architectural Exhibition Features Work of Donald)
Other Notable Wexler Projects
Custom Homes
Leeds-Howard House
Alan Ladd Estate
Tract Developments
El Rancho Vista Estates (1960s)
Green Fairway Estates (1960s)
Condominium and Apartment Complexes
Royal Hawaiian Estates
Sagewood Condominiums
Twin Springs Condominiums
The Rose Garden
Transportation
Palm Springs International Airport main terminal (1966)
Civic Structures
Desert Water Agency building (1978)
Larson Justice Center in Indio (1996)
Palm Springs Police Department and jail
Educational Facilities
Wexler designed numerous schools throughout the Coachella Valley, many utilizing steel-
frame construction.
Original Spa Hotel Bath House (1959) - Designed in collaboration with Richard Harrison,
William Cody, and Pierre Koenig
Merrill Lynch Building in Palm Springs
53
Appendix IX
George Alexander and
the Alexander Construction Company
Biographical research by Adam Cavnar
Alexander Construction Company was a Palm Springs, California,
residential development company that built over 2,200 houses in
the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, California, between 1955 and
1965.
The construction of these homes doubled the size of Palm Springs and
caused the city to take on a new shape, direction, and character as an
enclave of modern architecture in the Mid-century modern style. These
houses, collectively known as "Alexanders," have come to be appreciated
for their rational designs, modernist style, and innovative construction and
are now highly sought after, selling for a premium over their more
conventional contemporaries
George Alexander had begun investing in Palm Springs in 1930, as one of
the original developers of the Smoke Tree Guest Ranch, among others. The
Alexanders were also active in Palm Springs society, civically engaged and
known for their philanthropic work.
Through the Alexander Construction Company, George Alexander (1898-
1965) and his son Robert “Bob” W. Alexander (1925-1965) were prolific
Southern California developers of tract homes. Their company was
responsible for thousands of homes in the San Fernando Valley and over
1,200 homes in Palm Springs. Before becoming a developer, George
Alexander was an accountant who saw firsthand the profits made by his
construction company clients. Over time, the Alexanders earned a reputation
for building quality homes of architectural merit, engaging licensed
professional architects to produce the designs. George actually began
investing in Palm Springs in 1930, as one of the original developers of the
Smoke Tree Guest Ranch along with L. Mac Blankenhorn, C.F. Doyle,
Nicholas Harrison, and architect Garrett Van Pelt, Jr. The Alexanders were
also active in Palm Springs society, civically engaged and known for their
54
philanthropic work. Tragically, their lives were cut short by a plane crash that
killed George, Robert, and their wives in 1965.
George and Robert Alexander Developments (1955-1965)
George's vision for his construction company changed in 1956 when his health
took a turn for the worse and, under his doctor's advice to seek a warmer, drier
climate, he decided to relocate his George Alexander Company base of operations
to Palm Springs. The Alexanders had already been enamored of the desert where
they had been spending many weekends each winter. The timing couldn't have
been better for the firm as the popularity of the desert resort was ready to explode.
It would be there where he and his son Bob, and Bill Krisel would form the desert
team that would go down in Palm Springs Modernism history.560
Through the Alexander Construction Company, George Alexander (1898 -1965)
and his son Robert “Bob” W. Alexander (1925-1965) were prolific Southern
California developers of tract homes. Their company was responsible for
thousands of homes in the San Fernando Valley and over 1,200 homes in Palm
Springs. Before becoming a developer, George Alexander was an accountant who
saw firsthand the profits made by his construction company clients.561 Over time,
the Alexanders earned a reputation for building quality homes of architectural
merit, engaging licensed professional architects to produce the designs. George
actually began investing in Palm Springs in 1930, as one of the original developers
of the Smoke Tree Guest Ranch along with L. Mac Blankenhorn, C.F. Doyle,
Nicholas Harrison, and architect Garrett Van Pelt, Jr.562 The Alexanders were also
active in Palm Springs society, civically engaged and known for their philanthropic
work. Tragically, their lives were cut short by a plane crash that killed George,
Robert, and their wives in 1965.
Since the days of Prescott T. Stevens and El Mirador, and Pearl McManus and the
Oasis Hotel and Smoke Tree Ranch, the Palm Springs recipe for real estate and
housing development focused on the building of a resort where people could
experience the Palm Springs lifestyle before making the transition to home
ownership. Recognizing this, George and Robert Alexander applied the same
formula to the south end of the city and built the Ocotillo Lodge (1957 -58, Palmer
& Krisel).563 The main building or “clubhouse” featured recreational and fine
dining amenities for the more remote south end of Palm Springs, surrounded by the
“individual villas” that were stepping stones to home ownership. As described in
the Los Angeles Times, “the Boy Wonder Builders from Los Angeles,” George
55
Alexander and Joseph C. Dunas, rented half the villas as hotel rooms and leased
half to executives for entertainment purposes.564
560 John Crosse, Southern California Architectural History Blog, January 13, 2011
(accessed January 2015).
561 James R. Harlan, The Alexanders: A Desert Legacy, Palm Springs
Preservation Foundation, 2011, 8.
562 “Company Buys Property for Development,” Los Angeles Times, March 16,
1930, D2.
563 In a Desert Sun article from July 1957, it notes that “Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Alexander will spend the summer months here while construction of their Ocotillo
Lodge is underway.” It is announced as recently opened in a January 1958 Desert
Sun article.
564 “Joan Winchell: Co-Ops Catch On in Palm Springs,” Los Angeles Times,
February 23, 1958, D8.
As author James R. Harlan notes, “The techniques that the Alexanders used to
build their projects set the Alexander Construction Company apart from other Palm
Springs builders.”570 Materials for Alexander homes were all standardized, pre-
cut, labeled, and transported to the site as a kit, not to be customized. This enabled
quick assembly by the Alexanders’ crew of tradesmen. Standardization and
efficiency were as much a part of the Palmer & Krisel design as was the artistry.
As William Krisel remembered, “...every line I drew cost money.”571 Yet the
designer’s philosophy was that “the good tract house is not assembly line living, it
improves both the physical shelter and the way of life of the people.”572
The square floor plan was also key to Palmer & Krisel’s economical work for the
Alexanders in Palm Springs. After visiting a concrete tradesman, Krisel learned
that a flat slab with only four corners would be the least expensive to construct.
Although his Los Angeles designs were rectangles, Krisel remembers, “When I
went to Palm Springs they became squares. Square was more efficient than a
rectangle because it encompassed more square footage with the least amount of
perimeter with four corners.”573
568 FHA and VA-insured loans were not the only types of loans available. Lenders
offered buyers “conventional financing” with less favorable terms on down
payment, interest rate, and fee waivers. Conventional financing also typically
required borrowers to have excellent credit, job stability with sufficient income, a
sizable down payment, and low debt to income ratios. Some developers (including
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the Alexanders) kept their own loans for deferred profits. As such they were not
beholden to FHA Minimum Property Standards that also favored construction
methods that added to the construction cost of single -family residences.
569 These standards prohibited houses with a flat roof, a butterfly roof, or slab on
grade construction without a double slab pour and a waterproof membrane between
the pours. The latter requirement eased over the years, partially through the
lobbying efforts of builders’ organizations such as the NAHB.
570 James R. Harlan, The Alexanders: A Desert Legacy, Palm Springs
Preservation Foundation, 2011, 14.
571 Sian Winship, “Quality and Quantity: Architects Working for Developers in
Southern California, 1960-1973 (MHP Thesis, University of Southern California,
2011), 193.
572 Esther McCoy, “What I Believe,” Los Angeles Times, May 20, 1956,
Q4, http://proquest.com (accessed May 24, 2011).
573 “William Krisel Oral History, Interview and Transcription by John Crosse,”
2009, 69. 646 “50 Dwellings at Spa Planned,” Los Angeles Times, May 26, 1963,
O11.
647 Green Fairway Estates was one of the last subdivisions built by the Alexanders
before their tragic death in a plane crash in November of 1965.
648 “Display Ad 18,” Los Angeles Times, November 13, 1965, I9.
649 “Green Fairways Estates Sales Brochure,” Private Collection.
650 Jack Levitan, “Green Fairway
Estates,” https://www.eichlernetwork.com/article/green-fairway-estates-palm-
springs (accessed November 19, 2014).
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George Alexander: Contributions to the greater Palm springs area.
Ocotillo Lodge – 1957 – 1958
Farrell Canyon Estates – 1963
Twin Palms Estates – 1957 – 1958
Green Fairway Estates – 1964 – 1965
Ramon Rise – 1956
Sunrise Estates – 1964
Enchanted Homes – 1957
Araby Estates – 1964
Racquet Club Road Estates – 1958 – 1960
Desert Lanai – 1963
Vista Las Palmas – 1956 – 1959
Las Palmas Summit – 1962
Golden Vista Estates – 1960
Alexander Home – Ladera Circle
Racquet Club Estates – 1959 – 1960
Riviera Gardens – 1961
Golf Club Estates – 1961
Steel Houses – 1961 – 1962
Palm Springs Architects & Developers. Sat, August 29, 2020 Art &
Architecture
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Appendix X
Current Imagery/Architectural Details
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Appendix XI
Grant Deed
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