HomeMy WebLinkAboutEnergy Efficient Renovations Packet
Staff Memo to the Sustainability Commission
Date: 15 October 2024
Subject: Existing Home Energy Efficiency Ordinance
From: Office of Sustainability
Summary
The Sustainability Department would like to provide an update toward the goal to develop an
ordinance to require homes built before 2011 undergoing renovations to make certain targeted
energy efficiency upgrades as mentioned in the 2021 Climate Action Roadmap. This memo
highlights staff’s work developing program and the next steps the City could take to achieve the
goal.
Recommendation
Create and add an ordinance to create a new section, 8.04.066, in the Palm Springs Municipal
Code requiring single family buildings built before 2011 undergoing additions, alterations or
remodels to make certain targeted energy efficiency upgrades. This ordinance will be a “reach
code” - a local building energy code that “reaches” beyond the state minimum requirements for
energy use in building design and construction.
Background
The Warren-Alquist Act authorizes the California Energy Commission (CEC) to adopt rules and
regulations, as necessary, to reduce the inefficient consumption of energy and water in newly
constructed buildings and certain additions and alterations to existing buildings. One of the ways
the CEC satisfies this requirement is through the California Energy Code . The Energy Code
includes all the energy efficiency requirements applicable to newly constructed buildings and
additions and alterations to existing buildings. As a portion of the California Building Code (Title
24), the Energy Code (Title 24, Part 6) follows the same three-year update cycle. The California
Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24, Part 6 (Title 24) (CEC, 2019) is maintained and
updated every three years by two state agencies: the California Energy Commission (the
Energy Commission) and the Building Standards Commission (B SC).
Homes in Palm Springs have been built over the years to meet the applicable energy -related
building codes, which were first put in place in 1978. Since then, new homes have gotten
healthier and more efficient while some existing homes, particularly those b uilt before 2011 that
represent most of the Palm Springs housing stock, have been left behind. The city has over
10,000 residential buildings built before 1978. 8,000 between 1978-1991, 4,000 between 1992 -
2010, and 1,000 2010 to present.
To help address this dichotomy, this proposal would require single -family homes built before
2011 undergoing additions, alterations, or remodels to make certain targeted upgrades, where
applicable and feasible, to bring them closer to the provisions of the 2022 California Energy
Code which went into effect on January 1, 2023. The ordinance is also tailored to the
requirements of the 2025 California Energy Code, which the CEC adopted on September 11, to
be effective on January 1, 2026. The City Council and Sustainability Commission dire cted City
staff to investigate such an ordinance as part of the 2021 Climate Action Roadmap. Staff have
collaborated with former Commissioner and current CVAG/Inland Regional Energy Network (I-
REN) Program Manager David Freedman to develop a responsive ordinance draft.
This ordinance would also align with our 2016 Sustainability Master Plan as it will contribute to
the following goals:
• reduce GHG emission by 80% from our 1990 levels
• encourage one million sq feet of green buildings
• help PS become more climate resilient - efficient homes are better able to withstand
extreme temperatures and use less energy.
The ordinance would also align with the Safety Element of the Palm Springs General Plan
scheduled for adoption by City Council at its November 12 meeting, which sets a goal of making
Palm Springs a community resilient to climate-change-related hazards.
Additionally, the California Air Resources Board is required to ensure that statewide GHG
emissions are reduced at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by December 31, 2030, and 85%
below 1990 levels by 2045. According to our 2018 GHG Inventory, residential buildings make up
25% of our GHG emissions just behind Transportation with 45%, meaning that action to reduce
emissions from residential buildings will be essential to achieving our compliance goals
Staff Analysis
Reach Codes
Enacting a reach code that requires upgrades at the point of renovation or alteration is one of
the few ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon output of existing buildings.
These energy saving improvements are something any home can benefit from, but because
newer homes have already been built to meet more recent Energy Codes, the focus of this
proposal is single-family homes built in Palm Springs before 2011 that are doing additions,
alterations or remodels that trigger the need for a building permit. Potential examples of what
projects would need to comply are:
• Adding square footage
• Adding windows and doors
• Moving interior walls
• Reroofing
• Electric panel upgrades
• Kitchen / bath / laundry room remodels
• HVAC modification or replacement
• Solar PV or thermal installation
These projects would NOT trigger this requirement:
• Projects that are medically necessary
• Repairs to existing equipment
• Additions, alterations, or remodels to homes built after 2010
• Accessory Dwelling Units
• Projects in mobile homes, manufactured housing, or factory -built housing
The ordinance as currently drafted also proposes that residents receiving the CARE/FERA
discounted rates for electricity will be exempted from the requirements of the reach code. The
reach code also only applies to single-family, not multi-family, housing as drafted.
Counties, cities, and towns throughout California are actively implementing or exploring the
ordinances similar to ours. Marin County has adopted Ordinance No. 3776 and the Town of
Corte Madera has implemented Ordinance No. 1040. Both of these ordinances base their
requirements or triggers on additions and alterations to existing single - and two-family
residential buildings that are 750 square feet or large, while our ordinance will be based on
project value of additions and alterations to existing single-family residential buildings.
Requirements
Based on the type and value of the building permit and year in which the home was built,
different energy saving measures would be required. LED lighting and photosensors would be
required (if not already installed) regardless of permit value. Qualifying projects having a permit
value of at least $10,000 would also be required to install the water heating package , consisting
of hot water pipe insulation and shower and sink fitting upgrades . In addition to those
required measures, residents will have flexibility of which additional measures they want to
combine.
Measures fall roughly into two categories – energy efficiency and reduction in fossil fuel use.
Especially in our harsh desert climate, improving the energy efficiency of older buildings is
paramount to make sure that energy bills and energy demand can be controlled. Efficiency a nd
fossil fuel reduction measures will improve thermal comfort in the buildings, improve indoor air
quality, and, as is discussed in more detail below the table, save money over time.
Table 1 - Additional Measures
Air Sealing R-38 Attic Insulation R-49 Attic Insulation Duct Sealing
New Ducts, R-6
Insulation + Duct
Sealing
New Ducts, R-6
Insulation + Duct
Sealing
Windows Wall Insulation
R-19 Raised floor
insulation
R-30 Raised floor
insulation
Cool Roof Radiant Barrier
Under Roof
Heat Pump Water
Heater Replacing
Gas
High Eff. Heat Pump
Water Heater
Replacing Gas
Heat Pump Water
Heater Replacing
Electric
High Eff. Heat Pump
Water Heater
Replacing Electric
Heat Pump Space
Conditioning System
High Eff. Heat Pump
Space Conditioning
System
Dual Fuel Heat Pump
Space Conditioning
System
Heat Pump Clothes
Dryer
Induction Cooktop Solar PV Electric-Readiness-
Service Upgrade
Electric-Readiness-
End Uses
Under Section 10-106 of the Energy Code, local jurisdictions adopting reach codes must
demonstrate that the requirements of the proposed ordinance are cost -effective and do not
result in buildings consuming more energy than is permitted by the Energy Code. Cost-
effectiveness is based on the 2022 Cost-effectiveness Study: Existing Single Family Building
Upgrades prepared for the California Codes and Standards Reach Codes program of the state’s
three investor-owned utilities. Data specific for Palm Springs are derived from the program’s
online Cost-Effectiveness Explorer.
The Cost-Effectiveness Explorer produces a target metric that represents a user -defined
fraction of the total site energy savings for all cost-effective retrofit measures – the Target
Score. The Explorer also produces a table of all available measures, incl uding those that are not
cost-effective, that are weighted using the same site energy metric. Using these values, specific
to each home vintage, an applicant may install any combination of efficiency, solar and
electrification measures that meet or exceed the target value. The study supports separate
Target Scores for three different vintages, all of which are pre -2011. Please see the Ordinance
Summary for more details on the scores and measures.
Impacts
Based on a review of recently issued building permits, approximately 50-60% are qualified for
additional measures under the current the proposed ordinance. This figure aligns with th e
estimates made by our building leadership. Of those qualified permits, 40-50% are for homes
built pre-1978. The following tables outline the potential annual bill savings and GHG emission
reductions for the estimated numbers of qualified home projects:
Table 2 – Estimated Minimum Annual Bill Savings & GHG Emission for Pre-1978 Homes
Permit Value
Number of
home
projects
Measures Annual Bill
Savings
Total GHG
Emission
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
$10,000- $24,999 500 Lighting and Water
Heating Package $0 42
$25,000-$49,999 250
+16 point of
additional
measures
$1,500 46
$50,000-$99,999 125
+32 point of
additional
measures
$3,000 48
$100,000+ 5
+48 point of
additional
measures
$4,400 3
Table 3 – Estimated Minimum Annual Bill Savings & GHG Emission for 1978-1991
Homes
Permit Value
Number of
home
projects
Measures Annual Bill
Savings
Total GHG
Emission
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
$10,000- $24,999 400 Lighting and Water
Heating Package $0 33
$25,000-$49,999 200
+12 point of
additional
measures
$1,000 37
$50,000-$99,999 100
+25 point of
additional
measures
$1700 38
$100,000+ 5
+37 point of
additional
measures
$3400 20
Table 4 – Estimated Minimum Annual Bill Savings & GHG Emission for 1992-2011
Homes
Permit Value
Number of
home
projects
Measures Annual Bill
Savings
Total GHG
Emission
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
$10,000- $24,999 200 Lighting and Water
Heating Package $0 17
$25,000-$49,999 100
+6 point of
additional
measures
$500 37
$50,000-$99,999 50
+12 point of
additional
measures
$1000 14
$100,000+ 5
+17 point of
additional
measures
$800 1
Based on an asse ssment from these tables of homes by building vintage and permit value, we
can project a total minimum reduction of 336 MTCO2e per year. This reduction is equivalent to:
• Avoiding the GHG emission from 106 tons of waste that would otherwise by recycled or
landfilled, or
• Removing 80 gas-powered passenger vehicles from the road per year.
If we assumed a similar pace of projects over 10 years, the collected emissions reductions
would represent just under 1% of the estimated 2020 emissions from Palm Springs.
Implementation Considerations
This ordinance will impact residents/residential building owners, contractors, and City staff.
Residents and building owners are likely to incur additional cost if their initial retrofit project
triggers the ordinance. While all measures are cost-effective, meaning that they pay for
themselves over time via savings, many building owners are price -sensitive when implementing
a new project. Benefits will need to be clearly communicated, especially for more expensive
packages, and supporting resources will need to be available to help with compliance.
Contractors and staff will need additional training and clarification of the ordinance to effectively
communicate the components of the ordinance and to support the benefits of implementing
these changes in buildings. Residents will need help identifying which packag es make sense
for them, and contractors represent their primary source of advising and guidance on many
projects of this scale.
We can consider a few different resources that might help fill some of these gaps:
• Federal, state, and local rebates are available for certain types of equipment that can be
used to comply with the ordinance including heat pumps and heat pump water heaters.
[insert current rebate value]. Rebates are generally not available for things like LED
lighting or insulation, but depending on a building owner or tenant’s income level,
weatherization programs might be available to assist with some funding for these types
of measures.
• The Sustainability Department still offers a scholarship program which currently includes
a $100 rebate for a qualifying home ener gy audit. While energy audits are not required
under the reach code, they can be very helpful in identifying which types of work will
most benefit a particular home. We can consider adding to or making changes to the
scholarship program to support the ordinance and would welcome recommendations
from the Subcommittee.
• Training is available via I-REN for contractors and Building department staff. We would
plan to supplement this with our own resources and are consulting with the Building
department to identify the best ways to support them as the ordinance goes into effect.
Training courses are also available from the College of the Desert.
To ensure that the codes create d would have minimal negative impact on stakeholders and to
ensure that there is a positive impact for community members, we are actively holding
consultative meetings over the next quarter with entities such as the Sustainability Commi ssion,
the Building Department, Public Works, Homeowners, Local contractors, and any others who
are interested the matter. These meetings will help us refine the potential ordinance and support
programs to maximize benefit and minimize cost while also building support for the new
initiative.
Next Steps
Following input from the Subcommittee, staff are presenting the ordinance concept to the
Commission at its October 15 meeting. If the Commission so recommends, once a full draft has
been reviewed by the City’s legal team, the ordinance text will return to the Commission for
review and approval and, if approved, will be presented to City Council for consideration .
Following adoption of the ordinance by City Council, the City must obtain approval from the
CEC and file the ordinance with the Building Standards Commission for the ordinance to be
legally enforceable.
Conclusion
As many buildings in Palm Springs were built long before an Energy Code was ever
conceptualized, the Sustainability Department would like to push forward its pursuit of improving
the livability of our aging homes. Updating and expanding our current energy regulations for
aging single-family buildings will lower energy bills, create a more comfortable house that is
better adapted to extreme heat, and lower our individual and collective carbon footprint. Livable
and climate-smart homes are an essential component of our sustainable future.
Appendix A – Ordinance Framework Summary
Appendix B - Single Family Residential Building Cost-Effectiveness Explorer – Palm Springs
Possible Palm Springs Existing Home Energy Efficiency Ordinance – Or, “Energy
Efficient Renovations”
Overview: An ordinance of the City of Palm Springs, California, adding section
8.04.066 of the Palm Springs Municipal Code to require single family buildings built
before 2011 undergoing additions, alterations or remodels to make certain targeted
energy efficiency upgrades. This ordinance will be a reach code - a local building
energy code that “reaches” beyond the state minimum requirements for energy use in
building design and construction .
Main concept: The permit amount of an alteration to a home will require or “trigger”
Energy Efficient (EE) measures.
Background: From our 2020 GHG Inventory, residential buildings make up 2 2.6% of
our GHG emissions. This was a suggested action in our 2021 Climate Action Plan. In
the 2016 Sustainability Plan, established a vision that Palm Springs is resilient and
carbon neutral and set the following goals:
• reduce GHG emission by 80% from our 1990 levels
• encourage one million sq feet of green buildings
• reduce energy and carbon use from new homes and buildings
• supply 50% of energy from renewable sources by 2030
• help PS become more climate resilient - efficient homes are better able to
withstand extreme temperatures and use less energy
Additionally, the California Air Resources Board is required to ensure that statewide
GHG emissions are reduced at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by December 31,
2030, and 85% below 1990 levels by 2045 through AB 1279.
As every city is unique in terms of the climatic, geologic, and topographical conditions,
amending the California Energy Code to fit local needs would be reasonable. Enacting a
reach code of this type is one of the few ways (other than bans on connections, sale of
appliances, etc.) to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon output of existing
buildings.
Key Provisions and Implications: A section will define a Covered Single -Family
Project as a project that was constructed before 2011 has been permitted for any of the
following:
• Any additions, or any change, rearrangement or addition, other than a repair, of
the structural elements of an existing building including foundations, footing, sub -
floors, lintels, beams, columns, girders, slabs, roof trusses, staircases, load
bearing walls, door frames, window frames, or any other part of the building that
resists force or moment.
• Change or rearrangement of the plan configuration of walls and full -height
partitions of an existing building.
• Modification of the electrical system, heating or cooling equipment or gas
plumbing
The exceptions include the following:
• Specific house conditions like historic preservation design guidelines
• HOA covenant/deed restrictions on the property
• Mobile Homes, Manufactured Housing, or Factory-built Housing
• Individuals who receive CARE/FERA via the utilities
• building vintage reclassification
• medically necessary improvements or solely of seismic safety improvements , etc.
Based on the permit value, you have to do the mandatory measures plus a combo of
additional measures as long it totals the minimum points. It will give flexibility to
residents of which additional measures they want to combine.
Additional measures include Air Sealing, R -49 Attic Insulation, Duct Sealing, New
Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing, New Ducts, R -8 Insulation + Duct Sealing,
Windows, Wall Insulation, Cool Roof, Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Gas, High
Efficiency Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Gas, Heat Pump Water Heater
Replacing Electric, High Efficiency Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Electric, Heat
Pump Space Conditioning System, High Efficiency Heat Pump Space Conditioning
System, etc. These measures will have different value points based on cost-
effectiveness and GHG emission reduction.
Table 150.0-I Target Score
Building Vintage
Pre-1978 1978 - 1991 1992 - 2010
Permit Value Target Score
All Projects LED +
Photosensors
LED +
Photosensors
LED +
Photosensors
$10,000 - $24,999 + Water Heating + Water Heating + Water Heating
$25,000 - $49,999 + Water Heating &
16 points
+ Water Heating &
12 points
+ Water Heating &
6 points
$50,000 - $99,999 + Water Heating &
32 points
+ Water Heating &
25 points
+ Water Heating &
12 points
$100,000 + + Water Heating &
48 points
+ Water Heating &
37 points
+ Water Heating &
17 points
Table – Proposed Measure Scores
Table 150.0-J: Measure Menu
Building Vintage
Table 150.0-K
ID
Measures Pre-1978 1978 - 1991 1992 - 2010
E1 Lighting
Measures
Mandatory
E2 Water Heating
Package
Mandatory for all projects with a permit value of
$10,000 or more
E3 Air Sealing 1 1 --
E4.A R-38 Attic
Insulation 7 3 1
E4.B R-49 Attic
Insulation 8 4 1
E5 Duct Sealing 9 10 1
E6.A New Ducts, R-
6 Insulation +
Duct Sealing
17 13 5
E6.B New Ducts, R-
8 Insulation +
Duct Sealing
18 14 5
E7 Windows 12 10 3
E8 Wall Insulation 5 -- --
E9 Reserved for
future use -- -- --
E10.A R-19 Raised
floor insulation 4 4 --
E10.B R-30 Raised
floor insulation 4 4 --
E11 Cool Roof 2 2 1
E12 Radiant Barrier
Under Roof 4 3 1
FS1 Heat Pump
Water Heater
Replacing Gas
11 11 11
FS2 High Eff. Heat
Pump Water
Heater
Replacing Gas
11 11 11
FS3 Heat Pump
Water Heater
Replacing
Electric
4 4 4
FS4 High Eff. Heat
Pump Water
Heater
Replacing
Electric
4 4 4
FS5 Heat Pump
Space
Conditioning
System
2 1 1
FS6 High Eff. Heat
Pump Space
Conditioning
System
5 3 1
FS7 Dual Fuel Heat
Pump Space
Conditioning
System
2 1 1
FS8 Heat Pump
Clothes Dryer 1 1 1
FS9 Induction
Cooktop 1 1 1
PV Solar PV 17 17 17
ER1 Electric-
Readiness –
Service
Upgrade
Mandatory (see Note 2 below)
ER2
Electric-
Readiness –
End Uses
Mandatory (see Note 3 below)
Note 1: Cool Roof (Measure E11) and Radiant Barrier (Measure E12) required
when replacing 50% or more of an existing roof.
Note 2: Electric Readiness Service Upgrade (Measure ER1) required to claim
Solar PV credit.
Note 3: Electric Readiness – End Uses (Measure ER2) required for the following
project scopes:
If the service panel is being upgraded or to claim the Solar PV credit, satisfy any
[one / two] of the electric-readiness measures from ER2 in Table 150.0-K.
If the kitchen is being remodeled, make the range electric ready as specified in
ER2, Item D in Table 150.0-K and upgrade the panel board as specified under
ER1 in Table 150.0-K. Exception: If an electrical permit is not otherwise
required for the project other than compliance with this Item.
If the laundry room is being remodeled, make the dryer electric ready as specified
in ER2, Item C in Table 150.0 -K and upgrade the panel board as specified
under ER1 in Table 150.0-K. Exception: If an electrical permit is not otherwise
required for the project other than compliance with this Item.
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Generated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs
Climate Zone 15
Single Family | Built before 1978 (12,598 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner --0.1 --0.4 $1,324 $8
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner --0.3 --0.7 $1,906 $14
R-19 Raised Floor Insulation 2.5 2.8 --2.0 $3,633 $335
R-30 Raised Floor Insulation 2.5 2.8 --2.0 $4,113 $377
R-13 Wall Insulation 3.8 4.2 --2.7 $2,950 $413
R-38 Attic insulation 2.6 2.8 --1.7 $6,762 $625
R-49 Attic insulation 2.6 2.8 --1.7 $7,446 $697
Windows 2.9 3.1 --1.7 $11,463 $1,170
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when
re-roofing)
11.2 12.0 --6.5 $893 $358
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 6.0 6.4 --3.3 $893 $255
Page 1 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built before 1978 (12,598 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 10.0 10.7 --6.1 $4,808 $1,715
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 7.8 8.3 --4.7 $6,311 $1,749
Duct sealing 9.0 9.6 --5.4 $2,590 $832
Heat Pump Water Heater 1.7 2.3 --1.7 $4,332 $510
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater 1.5 2.0 --1.5 $5,193 $541
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner 0.7 0.9 --0.8 $4,346 $222
Solar PV 3.0 3.2 --1.7 $9,608 $1,249
Air sealing 0.6 0.6 --0.4 $4,684 $99
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 3.3 3.5 --1.1 $3,829 $732
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl
electric)
2.8 3.0 --1.0 $4,690 $764
Page 2 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built before 1978 (12,598 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
Water Heating Package 1.4 ------$229 $0
Page 3 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built before 1978 (12,598 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner 2 1,575 4,684 $238,292
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner 2 1,575 4,494 $385,583
R-19 Raised Floor Insulation 4 1,575 3,127 $9,414,409
R-30 Raised Floor Insulation 4 1,575 3,525 $10,607,745
R-13 Wall Insulation 5 1,575 3,962 $11,618,140
R-38 Attic insulation 7 1,575 5,269 $17,603,584
R-49 Attic insulation 8 1,575 5,817 $19,603,735
Windows 12 1,575 7,770 $32,919,002
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when re-roofing)4 1,575 2,612 $10,071,119
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 2 1,575 1,166 $7,190,038
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 17 1,575 11,494 $48,274,761
Page 4 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built before 1978 (12,598 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 18 1,575 11,845 $49,234,496
Duct sealing 9 1,575 5,772 $23,417,345
Heat Pump Water Heater 11 1,575 18,360 $14,348,178
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater 11 1,575 18,610 $15,230,046
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner 5 1,575 6,255 $6,250,004
Solar PV 17 1,575 10,616 $35,149,002
Air sealing 1 1,575 1,000 $2,777,884
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 4 1,575 2,219 $20,609,440
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl electric)4 1,575 2,469 $21,492,246
Water Heating Package 1 1,575 1,336 $0
Page 5 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1978 to 1991 (6,245 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner ------0.2 $1,324 -$75
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner ------0.4 $1,906 -$72
R-19 Raised Floor Insulation 2.5 2.7 --1.9 $3,633 $324
R-30 Raised Floor Insulation 2.5 2.7 --1.9 $4,113 $370
R-38 Attic insulation 2.9 3.2 --1.8 $2,555 $269
R-49 Attic insulation 2.6 2.8 --1.6 $3,612 $332
Windows 2.3 2.5 --1.3 $11,463 $937
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when
re-roofing)
7.8 8.3 --4.3 $893 $248
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 4.6 4.8 --2.5 $893 $193
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 7.6 8.1 --4.6 $4,808 $1,305
Page 6 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1978 to 1991 (6,245 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 6.0 6.4 --3.6 $6,311 $1,338
Duct sealing 10.9 11.6 --6.7 $2,590 $1,004
Heat Pump Water Heater 1.0 1.6 --1.7 $4,332 $344
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater 0.9 1.4 --1.5 $5,193 $375
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner 0.3 0.4 --0.6 $4,346 $99
Solar PV 2.6 2.8 --1.7 $9,608 $1,079
Air sealing 0.4 0.5 --0.3 $4,684 $71
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 2.5 2.7 --1.1 $3,829 $566
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl
electric)
2.2 2.3 --1.0 $4,690 $597
Water Heating Package 1.4 ------$229 $0
Page 7 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1978 to 1991 (6,245 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner 1 781 1,256 -$1,047,309
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner 1 781 1,216 -$1,007,314
R-19 Raised Floor Insulation 4 781 1,447 $4,516,637
R-30 Raised Floor Insulation 4 781 1,657 $5,161,206
R-38 Attic insulation 3 781 1,073 $3,746,967
R-49 Attic insulation 4 781 1,322 $4,633,366
Windows 10 781 3,138 $13,075,552
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when re-roofing)3 781 892 $3,462,817
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 2 781 450 $2,694,542
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 13 781 4,179 $18,208,855
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 14 781 4,352 $18,673,448
Page 8 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1978 to 1991 (6,245 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
Duct sealing 10 781 3,146 $14,007,527
Heat Pump Water Heater 11 781 9,106 $4,796,136
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater 11 781 9,229 $5,234,685
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner 3 781 1,889 $1,379,360
Solar PV 17 781 5,263 $15,050,186
Air sealing 1 781 349 $992,432
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 4 781 1,103 $7,892,953
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl electric)4 781 1,227 $8,331,967
Water Heating Package 1 781 662 $0
Page 9 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1992 to 2005 (2,318 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner ------0.1 $1,324 -$157
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner ------0.2 $1,906 -$155
R-38 Attic insulation 1.0 1.1 --0.6 $1,781 $63
R-49 Attic insulation 1.7 1.9 --1.1 $1,827 $113
Windows 0.7 0.7 --0.4 $11,463 $271
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when
re-roofing)
3.5 3.7 --1.9 $893 $111
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 2.3 2.4 --1.3 $893 $96
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 2.8 3.0 --1.8 $4,808 $484
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 2.3 2.4 --1.5 $6,311 $509
Duct sealing 2.2 2.3 --1.4 $1,400 $109
Page 10 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1992 to 2005 (2,318 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 1 of 2
Benefit/Cost Ratios Per Home Results
Measure On-Bill (2022
Esc)
On-Bill (2025
Esc)
2022 TDV LSC Incremental
Cost
Annual Bill
Savings
≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost effective ≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
≥ 1.0 is cost
effective
(on-bill)
Heat Pump Water Heater --0.3 --1.7 $4,332 $65
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater --0.4 --1.5 $5,193 $97
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner ------0.4 $4,346 -$24
Solar PV 1.9 2.0 --1.6 $9,608 $763
Air sealing 0.2 0.2 --0.2 $4,684 $37
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 1.3 1.3 --1.1 $3,829 $279
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl
electric)
1.1 1.2 --1.0 $4,690 $311
Water Heating Package 1.4 ------$229 $0
Page 11 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1992 to 2005 (2,318 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
Heat Pump Space Conditioner 1 290 318 -$811,825
Dual fuel heat pump space conditioner 1 290 300 -$801,468
R-38 Attic insulation 1 290 94.7 $324,523
R-49 Attic insulation 1 290 174 $584,659
Windows 3 290 411 $1,403,562
Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when re-roofing)1 290 149 $576,891
Cool roof .20 Solar Reflectance 1 290 84.6 $496,451
New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 5 290 577 $2,504,177
New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 5 290 605 $2,634,332
Duct sealing 1 290 121 $562,219
Heat Pump Water Heater 11 290 3,381 $334,017
Page 12 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings
Single Family | Built from 1992 to 2005 (2,318 units)
Study Source: Existing Single Family Building Upgrades¹ | Release Date: 05/23/2024 | Newest Version | Code Cycle: 2022 (Continued)
Table 2 of 2
Per Home Results City-Wide Estimates
Measure Flexible Score Affected Units Emissions Reductions Lifecycle Savings
annual energy savings (lifecycle)(lifecycle MTCOe)(on-bill)
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater 11 290 3,427 $499,903
High Eff Heat Pump Space Conditioner 2 290 497 -$123,595
Solar PV 17 290 1,953 $3,950,031
Air sealing --290 66.9 $193,851
Heat pump water heater with Elec Base 4 290 410 $1,446,198
High Eff Heat Pump Water Heater (repl electric)4 290 457 $1,612,085
Water Heating Package 1 290 246 $0
Page 13 of 30
Cost-Effectiveness Results Summary
City of Palm Springs - Climate Zone 15
ResultsGenerated October 03, 2024 from the Cost-Effectiveness Explorer
https://explorer.localenergycodes.com/jurisdiction/palm-springs-city/study-results/15-SCE?only_study_type=existing-buildings